Kingdom of Heaven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kingdom of Heaven - Essay Example Several skirmish between Muslim and Christian forces occur, like when Guy and Raynald kill everyone on a Muslim caravan. Saladin, the Muslim leader, retaliates. Balian is captured, then freed by the servant he had turned loose. The Muslims and Christians reach a tentative truce. The Christians murder Saladins sister, causing Saladin to siege Jerusalem. Balian leads the defense, but has to surrender. Saladin allows them free passage back to their countries. When King Richard I ask Balian to crusade with him, Balian refuses. At the end, subtitles explain King Richard I failed, and fighting for Jerusalem continued over the centuries, even today. The film states â€Å"Peace in the Kingdom of Heaven remains elusive" (Kingdom of Heaven). There was not too much spiritual content in this movie. Balian wanted to go the crusade to gain redemption for him and his wife. This is a Christian trait. Repentance, penance, and forgiveness is a Christian concept. So his motives for going on the crusades were religious. Most of the Christians in the movie have no religion, or were hostile to religion. Good and bad Christians were portrayed in this movie. Good Christians like Balian left the Muslims in peace, but bad Christians wanted to kill all Muslims. A Christian crusader is someone who was planning to go there and come back. Crusaders were alright with individual Muslims, but a Muslim state would have been unacceptable. They would have wanted to conquer the Holy Land for Christians. There were no churches in this movie, save for in the knighting scene. That was odd, because in the Middle Ages religion and churches were very important to Muslims, Jews, and Christians. There was crosses, but no crucifixes. The closest religious symbols were during the knighting ceremony where Balians father gives his oath, and Balian is knighted. During his knighting ceremony Balians father gives him his oath. Behind him there is an

Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factorys sweet success Essay Example for Free

Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factorys sweet success Essay The major competing sweet producers Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory and Hershey’s company have different business strategies, which give them distinct status in the market of the USA. RMCF is concerned in its perspectives and long-term goals to make the company more profitable and successful in the sphere of chocolate business. Hershey’s company deals with the short-term objectives and tries to obtain profit in an abridged period of time. The business strategy of profit-making Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory has the competitive advantage over prosperous Hershey’s company in corporate governance, organizational structure and confection distribution in the USA. The first difference between the companies is that the corporate governance of RMCF is structured more efficiently than Hershey’s. Corporate governance of RMCF consists of directors who have equal rights. RMCF administers its main rules with three to nine directors (Wheelen and Hunger, 2012, p263). Despite the main principals, the specific board of directors operates as a head of the whole organization and it is able to elect directors itself. This condition is likely to motivate the directors, so they try to accomplish their part of business as accurate as possible. Shareholders have a right to vote in yearly meetings and they can have an influence on the election of the potential directors by giving the additional number of votes (Wheelen and Hunger, 2012, p264). In consequence, the shareholders who have invested money into the company can be confident in the liability of the people to whom they give the opportunity to control the business. Unlike RMCF the Hershey’s c ompany has different types of directors who have their special responsibilities in conducting the business. The governance of the company consists of three types of directors, namely independent, informed and engaged, also a board of directors, which perform various functions in management. Such a bureaucratic structure makes the decision-making process more complicated and creates difficulties with the overall performance of the company. Board members of the company can easily intervene into the tasks of the workers and they can hire new employees without any restrictions (The Hershey Company, 2013). This action may disrupt employees from work and directors can have another option that will not be considered due to their limited liability. Corporate governance of Hershey’s company does not include the participation of shareholders in arranging managers for the firm, so the shareholders are not aware of the financial environment of the company. Thus, the exact number of directors and the role of the Board of directors make the RMCF’s governance organized in a beneficial form, whereas Hershey’s faces several difficulties with it. The second privilege of RMCF is an adept and profit-seeking organizational structure. RMCF has its own shops and franchises which are situated in the regional malls, tourist-oriented retail areas, ski resort, specialty retail centers, airports, neighborhood centers, and factory outlet malls (Harrison, 2003, p240). This location of the chocolate shops creates positive selling opportunities by attracting customers and promoting the product as well. According to the Success Magazine, in 1995-96 the Rocky Mountain was in the seventh position of the 100 top franchisers (cited in Harrison, 2013, p420). Spreading its name recognition through company-owned stores and franchisers, RMCF had gained such a high result in determining its market force and competitive advantage over a majority of companies working in the same field. Crail (1996) states ‘We find the location, negotiate the lease, design the store, coordinate the build-out, bring the franchise here for training, send a distinct manager to the store opening, and have ongoing field support and regional and national convention’ (cited in Harrison, 2003, p420). Taking into consideration all the aspects of organizing the structure of the whole business helps RMCF achieve success without any inadvertences. For example, the total revenue of the company in 1995 was 13,616, 134 USD and up to 1998, it had a tremendous increase showing 23,763,82 USD (Harrison, 2003, pp.423-424). In contrast to RMCF’s organizational structure, Hershey’s company decided to form special commercial groups in order to obtain the significant part of the market share (New Organizational Structure to Leverage U.S. Scale and Accelerate Global Growth, 2005). They were aimed to spread the producing companies all around the world. Hershey’s has its selling premises in 50 countries of the world (Keidel et al., 2010). The company was not concerned in the thorough organization of its structure; that is why it had to fund its company in other countries too. To summarize, RMCF establishes its franchises around the USA and increases the sales by allocating stores in the places with target audience while Hershey’s fail in organizing the right structure, consequently the company has to move into the market of foreign countries. The third quality that makes the business strategy of RMCF more valuable rather than Hershey’s is product distribution. RMCF delivers its products through shipments to distribution outlets from the premise of manufacturing Durango, Colorado. Franchisees are not provided with the immense space to hold the goods, so they ask the company to give them the quantities that they are able to sell during 14 to 28 days (Wheelen and Hunger, 2012, p.26-10). By following this strategy, RMCF chocolate can be a reliable product in terms of freshness. ‘RMCF believed that it should control the manufacturing of its own products in order to better maintain its high product quality standards, offer unique proprietary products, manage costs, control production and shipment schedules, and pursue new or underutilized distribution channels’ (Wheelen and Hunger, 2012, p.26-10). At the same time, the Hershey’s company distributes its products through â€Å"grocery stores, mass merchandisers and drug stores and functions as a single entity†. More than the half of total sales is received from â€Å"merchandisers† and â€Å"supermarkets† (Keidel, et al., 2010). In case the Hershey’s has a delayed delivery; it needs to pay fine for the customers who will not promote Hershey’s products, so losses in sales and credibility will probably occur (Zsidisin, 2006). Hershey’s company faces losses of capital in the period of distribution process; the borders of the time that the delivery of the products should last are not clearly stated. That can be harmful for the customers as the chocolate products are likely to spoil through time. Taking all the aspects into consideration, RMCF is dominating in distribution by saving the quality of chocolates, whereas Hershey’s company is not able to protect freshness without dec reasing the budget of the Company in its business strategy. To conclude, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory has more productive venture planning than Hershey’s company in controlling authority, confirmation scheme and product distribution. Controlling authorities in the RMCF have equal opportunities and reliabilities in business, while Hershey’s company is regulated mostly by a board of directors who can set the rules and hire the new employees without discussing with other directors. Conformation scheme of the companies differs from each other by allocating the stores and establishing the outlets. RMCF spreads its products to the places where many people can purchase them; in contrast, Hershey’s company delivers its products to particular stores. As RMCF is worried about its future goals, it achieves lucrative results, so Hershey’s company should also concentrate on its remote future aims.

Cadbury Business Analysis

Cadbury Business Analysis Cadbury, a brand well known and loved by millions around the world, had a very humble beginning. It began with the opening of a grocers shop in Ball Street, Birmingham in the year 1824 by John Cadbury. This grew to become the most recognisable brands in the world. In most parts of the world just the word Cadbury symbolises chocolate. John who as a young Quaker was against alcohol sold tea, coffee, cocoa and drinking chocolate at his shop at the beginning, later he started producing cocoa and chocolate. After few years his brother Benjamin joined and later they got a Warrant as manufacturers of chocolate and cocoa to Queen Victoria. Later when John Cadbury retired his sons Richard and George took over the company. They thought the company could not survive in the dirty conditions of the city and were egger to move it out of Birmingham, they setup a factory 4 miles from the city and had a concept in mind which was factory in garden, to provide hygienic working environment for their emp loyees, the factory had opened in the year 1879. The Cadbury brothers had named it Bournville. There was a rapid increase in the work force of the company by late 1880s and the factory was expanded. The first ever Cadbury chocolate bar was launched in the year 1897 and their famous brand Cadburys Dairy milk began in the year 1905. By the end of the 1930s Cadbury had become the 24th largest manufacturing firm in the Britain. The Cadbury brothers believed that all human beings should live in peace and should be treated properly, which lead to the building of houses, schools and many other things for the community for which the Bournville Village Trust was set up George Cadbury. Then in the year 1969 the Cadbury brand merged with Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes, after this merger there was no owner from the Cadbury family till date. In the year 2008 Cadbury and Schweppes were demerged separating its confectionary and drinks business. Recently on February 2, 2010, Cadbury became part of Kraft Foods, the American giant in confectionery, food, and beverage. Source: (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8467489.stm, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8411696.stm). 2. Micro Environment:  SWOT Analysis 2.1 SWOT: A SWOT analysis allows managers to focus clearly on the meaningful strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) in the firms internal environment and opportunities (O) and threats coming from outside the firm, the external environment. A SWOT analysis enables a firm to develop strategies that make use of what the firm does best in seizing opportunities for growth while at the same time avoiding external threats that might hurt the firms sales and profits. So below I have done I SWOT analysis of Cadbury (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, Barnes, Mitchell Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 66). Strengths Cadbury is worlds top most chocolate provider which has international reputation. Cadbury is well know and easily identifiable brand among. Cadbury is well known force in marketing and distribution strategies that is one of the reasons for it being the world leaders of chocolate industry. Users are assured about the qualities of the brand. The strength of Cadbury lies in Dairy milk. Which is the most sold chocolate in Indi Cadbury has adjusted itself to all the custom around the world according to the market. Cadbury is a leader in innovation and has established brand name, and has strong competence in manufacturing. Cadbury has a advantage as it has understanding of consumer in the segment of chocolate, candy and chewing gum. With 9.9% of global market share Cadbury is the largest confectionery in the world. Weaknesses The competitors of Cadbury e.g. Nestle  have a very diverse product portfolio, where as it only depend on the confectionery and beverage market, where as its competitors can use profits from other areas of the business. Cadbury doesnt have great international experience like its other competitors; it has traditionally been strong in United Kingdom Europe only. New to America, it possibly lacks the understanding of the new emerging markets compared to competitors. Threats Worldwide there has been an increase in demand for cost environment, particularly for energy, packaging, sugar and transport. Global supply chain in low cost locations. There is competitive pressure from other brands in the market, nationally and globally. Over aggressive promotion and price activity by its competitors there is a possible price war in all developed markets. Social concerns, rise in obesity and consumers obsession with calorie count. Nutritional and healthier lifestyles is very much affecting demand for core products of Cadbury. Opportunities The opportunities lie in new markets, i.e. developing countries and emerging markets like China, Russia, India and other Asian countries where populations are growing, the wealth of consumer is increasing and there is a high demand for confectionery products. The market of confectionery highly characterized by a degree of acquisition and merger activity in recent past. There are opportunities to increase the share through specific acquisitions. The main key for survival in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) market is increasing efficiency and cost reduction. Cadburys Fuel in Growth  and cost efficiency of programmes seeks to bring huge cost savings by, Moving production to countries with low costs, where the raw materials required and labour cost is cheaper, reduce internal costs and use supply chain efficiently, global out sourcing and procurement, and wise investment in Research Development. Innovation is the most important and key driver in any kind of market. To respond to variety in consumer preferences and tastes like healthier snacks with low calories needs to be developed. There should be more of sugar-free products in the Cadburys premium indulgence treats like its center filled chewing gum varieties. There is a high demand for low-fat, natural and organic confectionery. 2.2 Porters Five Forces Analysis Supplier Power   The Cadbury Company has got many contracted suppliers that are able to support their on-going production operations. There is an existing competition in the market, for the raw materials such as nuts or special ingredients but still it is sufficient enough to satisfy their production requirements. Cadbury has maintained a very good relationship with their supplier which is considered as a very good an advantage. Barriers to Entry   Cadbury is already very popularly and widely known, it can easily earn the trust of the countries. The only and the main hindrance that might affect the production of the Cadbury is to find a good positioning and gather the necessary requirements for the smooth entry and running of the factory and the foreign policy and laws that might affect the operation. Power of Buyer   The demands for chocolates have gone down because of the existence of health conscious. The price of the product is no longer subjected on the demand of the people but is now subjected to the increasing number of competitors in the market that offers the similar type of products at a much lower cost might be the cause of the customer loyalty alteration. Rivalries   There are many competitors in the business who are planning to take over the supremacy of the company that has been kept for years. The difference in the choice of the customers depends on their taste and preferences. And in the recent past, companies like Nestle in this market are continuously developing their new products or innovating new ideas making it harder to compete. Threats for Substitutes   There is not much of a threat which comes from other competitors, because of the well established brand name in the market created by the company. Through their huge level of equity, the brand name of Cadbury is transformed into three different classes that makes more effectiveness in the market. 3 .Macro Environment: PEST Analysis Political: The Company has a strong advantage as it is very senior in confectionery business. With this advantage the company to manage to adjust in every country around the globe. Another advantage is the seniority of the management which enables the new foreign country to also welcome the companys existence in their market because of its good competence in the market. Economic: Without any doubt Cadbury is making a huge contribution in United Kingdom as well as in the economies of the other foreign countries where it operates. The number of sweet lovers around the world is very high which ranges from all sections of the society, the company has label to its name as the best choice available in the market for sweet loving consumers around the world. The economic downturn is another contradicting factor that is affecting all confectionery companies. Social: People have sweets after every meal so the impact of this business on the society is really great. Therefore, many of the individuals can enjoy the happiness it brings inside the house. And in some other cases many people turn down the idea of eating chocolates because of many health related problems like obesity, stomach infections and dental problems i.e. cavity and gum weaknesses. When it comes to valuing of the people, Cadbury highly recognizes the rights of the workforce and has been valuing the ideas they might like to contribute for their progress. Providing hygienic and excellent work conditions for its work force has been one the top most aims of the company from the beginning of the company, it can be clearly seen in the factory in garden concept of their Birmingham plant which opened in the late 19th century. Technology   Cadbury has always been a company who recognises the traditional crafting of chocolates, but also knows the importance of technology in the line of production and in the industry. From the production line, Cadbury has incorporated into various types of machinery that make their production to be a very cost-efficient procedure. 4. Cadburys Marketing Mix Product: A product is a good, service, an idea or a place- whatever is offered for sale in exchange. The product aspect of marketing also includes the packaging, physical features, design and any other associated services. So we know that a product is a many different elements put together for the success of the product (Solomon, et al Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 37). In case of Cadbury there are a range of products from chocolate bars, cakes and biscuits, drinks, ice-cream and boxes, bags and tins of chocolates. To be more specific in the chocolate bars they provide from their classics like Dairy Milk, Bournville to the new products like Crunchie, Twirl, Wispa, Twisted, Flake, Boost, Chomp, Double Decker and one of its latest products launched in the year 2010 called the Silk. There product is mainly targeted towards the young population of the market. Source: (http://cadbury.co.uk/ourproducts/today/Pages/jsversion.aspx) Price: Price is amount the consumer must give to receive an offering. Price is used as a way to increase consumers interest in a particular product, for example to put an item on sale (Solomon, et al Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 37). Cadbury offers a range of chocolate bars and other products from the price range on 55p to  £3. During Christmas it has special range of gift pack items which are available in packs of  £18,  £21.50,  £35 and  £50. Whereas the competitors in market have lower rates but Cadburys customers are assured of its quality. Source: (http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/sol/index.jsp, http://cadbury.co.uk/home/Pages/home.aspx) Promotion: Promotional activities include what the marketers have undertaken to inform consumers of their product and to get new customers to buy these projects. There are many promotional activities which are run by Cadbury like the 2 for 1 offer and during the holidays they special gift packages which can be used for Christmas and New Year. Its been in promotion from the early 1900s when it used to use posters by famous artist. Cadbury Dairy Milk poster campaigns used the iconic glass and half image to stress its high milk content. And in 50s it showed the Bournville Story in cinema halls. And during the TV age there was huge adverts with comic characters Mel Smith and Peter Cook. The Cadbury Gorilla ad premiered, immediately becoming one of the most popular and critically acclaimed TV ads of recent years.Source: (http://cadbury.co.uk/cadburyandchocolate/ourstory/advertising/Pages/advertising.aspx) Place: There is no use having a great product if the target customer cannot easily access it. This is where the place part of the marketing mix is important. Cadbury needs to find the most cost-effective  channel of distribution  to get their main products to their target customers. The nature of the product and its target audience will influence the places at which a company wishes to sell its products. As Cadburys product is low-priced, i.e. a chocolate bar and other chocolates, it uses intensive distribution by getting their product into as many retail shops and outlets as possible Source: (http://www.skillsspace.co.uk/business_studies/14to16/marketing/place.asp). 5. The Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Strategy Cadbury: a. Segmentation: Cadburys market place is comprised of many different segments of consumers, each with different wants and needs. It can be categorised into four segments i.e. Break Segment: The products which are consumed as snatched break and normally consumed with tea or coffee, for instance Cadburys Time out and snack range. Impulse Segment: Most of these products are just purchased on impulse, for consuming at the time on purchase only; they include Twirl, Star Bar, Crunchie and Dairy Milk. Take Home Segment: These are the products which are purchased in a purchased in a super market and stored at home for later consumption, like Cocoa powder and hot chocolate. Gift Segment: Specially packed boxes of a variety of Cadbury chocolates, for the purpose of giving as a gift on occasion like Birthday, New Year or Christmas. b. Targeting: Targeting is a step in which marketers evaluate the attractiveness of each potential segment and decide which of these groups they will invest resources against to try to turn them into customers (Solomon, et al Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 222). .Cadbury has many targeted markets around the world. The female population makes up more than Indian population in any country. This is a large customer base for the products. The main aim for targeting the female population is that it will be in a position to influence the rest of the population to purchase the product. The female population is the largest consumer of chocolate product not only in the United Kingdom market but in other markets as well. The other targeted market is that of the kids segment which also comprises of most of the sales of chocolate in any part of the world. c. Positioning: Positioning means developing marketing strategy aimed at influencing how a particular market segment perceives a good in comparison to the competition (Solomon, et al Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 227). 6. Recommendations: Cadbury should increase Marketing and  promotion  globally by marketing new and different products in emerging markets. It should focus on non-chocolate development and acquisitions by developing a new line of non-chocolate candies. Development of novelty and specialty markets like Gourmet Line on Internet, by developing gourmet line that is to be distributed via internet. Aggressive new product should be development like low calories, sugar free chocolates. This has to be done by researching and developing new products with joint venture. It should concentrate more on the American markets as it has high revenue in this particular industry and Cadbury doesnt have any strong roots, it is mostly dominated by Hersheys. It should also develop new products for the kids segment, which now days is a very huge market.

Respect for Persons,Beneficence, and Justice :: Research Researching Privacy Essays

Respect for Persons,Beneficence, and Justice In July of 1974 The National Research Act was signed into law. Through this act, The Belmont Report was developed over 4 year period of time that included an intense four day conference followed by monthly meetings until it was completed in April of 1979. The Belmont Report sets out to define the ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. The report was established prior to Barney Clark and the artificial heart and therefore was the guidelines that the doctors and researchers had to follow. The report highlights three essential ethical elements that are pertinent in human research and their applications. It was the professional responsibility of the doctors and researchers involved to abide by previously established ethical guidelines. Respect for Persons Respect for the Persons as it relates to the Barney Clark case can be broken down into three important issues. Autonomy The doctors made the assumption that Barney Clark was a fully autonomous person at the time of the artificial heart experiment. In general it is not in doubt that Mr. Clark was an autonomous being, however his terminal condition could have affected his capacity with in the case. While he might have been autonomous in many areas of his life the issue that is relevant to the case was whether he possessed the capacity to make an informed consent. Informed Consent The nine basic rules4 for an informed consent are 1. Identifying the appropriate decision maker 2. Having the discussion at a time when the patient is not distracted or in great pain. 3. Determine that the patient is communicating voluntarily 4. Disclose a. Nature of the proposed intervention b. The purpose c. The risks and consequences d. The benefits e. The probability that the intervention would be successful f. The feasible alternatives g. The prognosis is the intervention/therapy is not given 5. Offer a recommendation 6.

Instructional strategies and approaches Essay

Cognitive theories can be more easily applied, and changes and improvements can be more readily incorporated, as long as the teacher has had some specific training in knowing how students learn. For example, grading might be an inaccurate measurement of assessment of the efficacy of online education as it is not necessarily a true measurement of learning. Some students work hard to perfect their performance for a test at the end of the course, yet have learned very little. What is more important than simple measurements of right or wrong is to attempt, throughout the class, to see how each student is thinking. This can become apparent if a student is asked to explain his or her reasoning. The classroom is an environment that lends itself very well to written responses of explicit lines of reasoning. Once a student’s thinking becomes apparent in this way, the instructor can identify areas of prior knowledge and, should there be any misconceptions, can structure teaching in such a way as to correct them. Alternatively, if apparent thoughts of the students as written in discussions reveal a solid and correct prior knowledge in this arena, the teacher would be able to reinforce this and help students to expand their knowledge still further and to make more connections. Furthermore, during the semester, students should be encouraged to develop their thinking and in this way can identify which areas they feel less confident about, and for which they would like some extra help. We help students internalize and give the information automaticity by providing adequate opportunities for them to work with the process and by providing feedback often. Students need the time to practice an activity until it becomes automatic for them. if we didn’t practice math or if students had not been allowed to practice with their park rides designs, the results would not be of high quality. Students need both massed practice and practice over time before the process becomes internalized. Immersion is a great tool, but if we do not come back to the learning from time to time, often the learning is lost. That is why students may do well on the test this Friday over the math concepts studied this week, but try giving them a problem from this week’s work three weeks from now (Tileston, 2003). Reference: Tileston, D. D. E. W. (2003). What Every Teacher Should Know About Using Media and Technology. Thousan Oaks, California: Corwin Press.

Coagulation Definition (Chemistry and Biology)

Coagulation Definition (Chemistry and Biology) Coagulation is a gelling or clumping of particles, typically in a colloid. The term typically applies to the thickening of a liquid or sol, usually when protein molecules cross-link. When coagulation or clotting occurs in blood, it proceeds immediately after blood vessel damage. Two processes occur. Platelets change and the subendothelian tissue factor is exposed to plasma Factor VII, which ultimately forms fibrin. Primary hemostasis occurs when platelets plug the injury. Secondary hemostasis occrs as clotting factors strengthen the platelet plug with fibrin factors. Also Known As: coagulate, coagulating, clotting Examples of Coagulation Milk proteins coagulate to thicken the mixture that forms yogurt. Blood platelets coagulate blood to seal a wound. Pectin gels (coagulates) a jam. Gravy coagulates as it cools. Sources David Lillicrap; Nigel Key; Michael Makris; Denise OShaughnessy (2009). Practical Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1–5. ISBN 1-4051-8460-4.Pallister CJ, Watson MS (2010). Haematology. Scion Publishing. pp. 336–347. ISBN 1-904842-39-9.

The Aleutian Kayak essays

The Aleutian Kayak essays George B. Dysons article in the April 2000 edition of Scientific American, The Aleutian Kayak, illustrates that the Aleut hunters of the past, were ahead of their time with their technologically superior version of the modern kayak, the baidarka. Dyson reports that the innovative design of the baidarka greatly propitiated this hunter-gatherer society who relied on sea mammals who lived in the treacherous waters of the area. Dyson explained that this design of the baidarka increased its speed and reduced the amount of energy that the kayakers needed to expend during their hunts. Unfortunately, few baidarkas and the knowledge of how to reconstruct new ones remain for modern person to study and fully understand the brilliance of these incredible people. The Aleuts lived in a marginal area of the Earth that had scarce supplies of vegetation for the islanders to gather due to the unstable environment. Hunting sea mammals (collecting food) in the violent waters around their homes was used as subsistence technology. The baidarkas design was ideally suited for the rough water and long distances traveled by the Aleuts during their hunts. The baidarka was made of driftwood, lashed with baleen fiber and covered with translucent sea-mammal skin that made the structure elastic-like. This structural elasticity would have allowed stresses applied to it by the constant pounding of the sea, to be distributed equally throughout the craft, by means of keeping the craft intact considering the lightweight materials the baidarkas were made from. According to William S. Laughlin, the physical demands of hunting at sea led the Aleuts to shuffle a whole lot faster through the evolutionary deck. This means that the Aleuts adaptation to their environment was a necessity. Natural selection results in more favorable genes to become more frequent in a population over time. Maybe t ...