Community Service Argument Essay

Community Service Argument Green Bay High Schools are being faced with a very controversial issue, which revolves around whether or not community service hours are needed to graduate. High schools are arguing that 24 hours of community service are needed to graduate from their facility of learning, but many frustrated students are voicing protests to this demand. This situation has caused much controversy among the school system and many arguments have risen in support and against this community service issue. Supporters of the community service project argue that if students fulfill their 24 hours of community service in high school they will develop into upstanding pillars of the community. They believe that students will become better aware of what the real world is like by doing community service and giving back to their community. Students will learn valuable life lessons by participating in community service and will feel good about themselves for helping others in need. Protestors have struck back with a very solid argument. They feel that if high school students are forced to do community service they will begin to see it as a punishment and as something that they have to do because it is required instead of something that they want to do because it is the right thing to do. Students will in the future look back at the community service projects that they were forced to do throughout high school and will continue to carry a negative outlook on community service for the entirety of their lifetime. Another idea that the protestors give about this community service issue is time constraints will make it close to impossible for high school students to fill the necessary 24 hours needed to graduate. High school students have an enormous amount of things going on in their lives. They attend school daily for 7 hours, participate in extra-curricular activities, and have part-time jobs. High school students have such a limited amount of time for themselves, as it is that by tacking on another time-consuming project like community service is ridiculous. Supporters argue back that high school students only need to fulfill 24 hours of community service throughout 4 years, that really isn’t asking a whole lot of time commitment. If students budget their time and start the community service when they are a freshman all they need to do is an hour every other week and they will still be done  with a year or so to spare. A final controversial issue that pops up is transportation. The protestors argue that freshman and sophomores in high school do not have their driver’s license, so how are they expected to get to their community service site when their parents or friends are at work or just to busy to give them a ride. Unless the school offers a means of transportation for the students there really is no solution to this problem. The supporters argue that students can find community service projects close to home or if they live in the country find another student to car pool with. Forcing students to complete 24 hours of community service in high school in order to graduate is a very controversial issue. Both sides have solid arguments about why community service should or should not be forced upon students. Community service is a wonderful thing that everyone should be required to do at some point in their life, but are high school students mature and responsible enough to take on community service projects at this stage in their life?

Observations of Chemical Changes Essay

Objective: This experiment is meant to show how certain chemicals react with each other and can be identified by these reactions Procedure: Several different chemical mixtures were poured into the well plate and observed. These included sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid, bromothymol blue and hydrochloric acid, ammonia and bromothymol blue, hydrochloric acid and blue dye, blue dye and sodium hypochlorite, potassium iodide and lead nitrate, sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein, hydrochloric acid and phenolphthalein, sodium hydroxide and sliver nitrate, ammonia and silver nitrate, and ammonia and copper (II) sulfate. Some mixtures were also placed in the light or mixed with additional hydrochloric acid or dye. Observation Table: Questions: a.) Silver nitrate could easily be used to test for sodium bicarbonate since it causes the chemical to turn brown. b.) Windex- turns orange with BTB and red with phenolphthalein- base Dish soap- turns yellow with BTB and red with phenolphthalein- base Bleach- turns orange with BTB and purple with phenolphthalein- base Scrubbing Bubbles- turns blue with BTB and gray with phenolphthalein- acid c.) The solution contains no vinegar or a very small amount of vinegar because a pink color indicates a basic solution, and vinegar is and acid. d.) The yellow flavor is more acidic and the blue flavor is more basic. e.) Combining the mixture with potassium iodide could easily test for the presence of lead. If the mixture contained lead, then the potassium iodide would cause the mixture to turn yellow and thick like a solid. Conclusion: Many chemicals will produce obvious physical changes when mixed with other chemicals. These mixtures usually result in a change in color or consistency, which can distinguish them from other chemicals. While certain chemicals may react the same way with on mixture, testing a chemical with multiple mixtures will most likely allow the chemical to be identified.

Greek influences on the modern world Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Greek influences on the modern world - Term Paper Example The innovations by Greek scholars and critiques against mythical beliefs led to an improved understanding of the world and the occurrences within it. The Greeks were the first emancipators of thought. Philosophers such as Thales were revolutionaries of thought. They came up with explanations to counter mythical beliefs and developed practical solutions to solve problems in the society. Pythagoreans helped develop mathematics (Pythagoras, 54). Early cosmologists who studied the universe were also Greek. Another Greek, Hippocrates, made great advances in the field of medicine. Philosophy and Astronomy The whole field of philosophy as practiced today can be attributed to the Greeks. They practically invented everything to do with this field of study. Philosophy refers to the love of wisdom and knowledge. Modern way of thinking that is based on rationality rather than beliefs was established by the Greeks. Thales of Miletus is considered the father of philosophy (Aristotle, 52). The mode rn day explanations of phenomenon such as lightning and earthquakes are attributed to these early thinkers. This is because they were the ones that questioned the mythical view that the gods were in control of nature. The Ionian Philosophy established by the Greek was the first to study the causes of nature without inclusion of gods in its studies. The advancements made in the field of astronomy can also be attributed to the works of the Greeks. They developed the first theories that tried to explain how the universe was formed. These scholars who were at the time referred to as cosmologists also gave explanations as to the causes of other aspects of nature such as winds, lightning and rain (Aristotle, 52). Mathematics and Science Mathematics is highly essential at this modern time. Most day to day operations in the modern world involve some aspect of mathematics from basic operations to highly complex ones. The Pythagoreans devoted themselves to the development and advancement of m athematics. They also believed that there was some form of mathematical order in nature. This was to be empirically demonstrated by Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein more than two thousand years later (Pythagoras, 54). Pythagoras and other Ionian philosophers developed the earliest form of geometry. The Pythagoras theorem taught in school up to this day was developed long ago by the Greeks. Another example is the Archimedes principle in Physics. Though developed a long time ago, it is still in use today. Science today involves a lot of observation and research work. Premises and accompanying conclusions are made based on solid evidence. This practice was developed by the Ionian Philosophers of Greece and is the basis upon which modern research is conducted. Medicine The field of medicine has seen much advancement over the years. Cures have been developed for diseases that were thought to be incurable. Modern man has been able to cope with disease outbreaks and develop cures thanks to the work of Greeks such as Hippocrates. Considered the father of medicine, Hippocrates, led other medical doctors in Greece to condemn magical practices and beliefs of the time. They said that the mythical beliefs hindered understanding of diseases. An example is the rejection of the belief that epilepsy was a sacred disease hence not curable. Such denunciations are what led to research into what causes these diseases how to develop of the cures. Scholars such as

Political and Social Reality of the City of Seoul Research Paper

Political and Social Reality of the City of Seoul - Research Paper Example Polarization refers to the process of grouping of two opinions into two extreme ends. Social polarization arises from the normal societal stratifications and depicts itself in nearly every aspect of life in the people habiting a particular geographical location. Polarization arises from conventions of life some of which people abide by naturally yet others follow economic capabilities and stratification mechanisms. Every community, including the modern day urban settlements, have different opinions among its inhabitants often resulting in either polarization or quasi polarization.   The city of Seoul in southern Korea is therefore no exception and experiences one of the most radical extents of polarization evident in its pattern of habitation and the people’s way of life in the city. The special city of Seoul is the capital city of South Korea and arguably the largest modern day metropolis in the entire Korea. It is home to approximately fifty million people most of whom are South Korean nationals but also provides residence to more than ten million international business people (O'Loughlin 33). The city has an elaborate design, one that considers and showcases the economic growth of the country and its interesting history. The architecture of most skyscrapers in the city embodies the modernism in design and comfort but also imbed the rich cultural history of the South Korean people. The wide clean highways, the artistically tall building structures, and the every glaring subway stations among other interesting features such as Seoul’s nightlife all act as a unifying feature to the diverse people of the city. However, behind the glamor and the beauty, the truth of the city lies in a more analytical scrutiny of the residences’ way of life. ...where is accessible and every product available in the market, the price tag on the commodities and services in the market always ensure that the rich rarely interacted with the poor. Additionally, it provides for an effective mechanism of keeping the rich to their own society and possibly denying the poor access to such societies. Seoul is one such city. Being an industrial country, the South Korean economy grows very fast with international businesses giving rise to extremely wealthy businesspersons and business empires. The wealth disparity and economic imbalance influence the design since the city has to include all its residences despite their financial positioning. This has resulted in the birth of two residential regions namely the Gangnam and the Gangbuk.  

Financial Statement report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Statement report - Essay Example The users of financial statements are the various stakeholders of a company that are concerned with the company's performance, progress and position during a financial year. The financial statements should provide useful information to the relevant users and stakeholders of the company with respect to their specific needs. The main users of financial statements and their needs are discussed below: This is the most important group interested in the financial performance, financial position, financial adaptability, cash generation and cash flow status of the company. The shareholders and investors invest their money into the company and need the information from financial statements to asses the company's performance in terms of managing and utilizing their investments and generating profit out of it. The lenders and creditors of a company are interested in the company's position in terms of liquidity and solvency. The financial statements of a company should provide relevant information to its various lenders and creditors so as to enable them to analyze the company's ability to pay its short and long-term liabilities and obligations. The regulatory authorities and government agencies are concerned with the full and clear disclosure of information in the company's financial statements. The government ensures that the company prepares the financial statements in the light of relevant rules and regulations. ... The disclosure of relevant information can strengthen the customer trust in the company. General Public and Analysts General public and analysts could be considered as the company's prospective investors or they may approach the company's financial statements to provide the information regarding the company's investment and profitability potential to the investors. They are concerned with the company's financial position and performance to analyze the future prospects of the company. INTERNAL USERS Management The company's management is also among the major users of financial statements. They need to draw useful information from the financial statements in order to realize the company's revenues and their share in the company's profitability. Apart from that, they also need information from financial statements to analyze the result of their performance throughout the year and make provisions regarding the future. Employees The employees are also the internal users of the company's financial statements. They are the one contributing their efforts in the company's performance and profitability. They need information from financial statements to evaluate how the company is compensating them for their efforts as compared to its overall profitability. NECESSARY QUALITIES FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The financial statements should contain the following qualities so as to provide maximum useful information to the various stakeholders of the company: Understandability The financial statements should be readable and understandable for all its targeted users. All the information and disclosures included in the financial statements should be well-presented to help the

Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 - Essay Example The Poor Law Amendment of 1834 has been based upon three particular ideas that include Malthus' principles on population raise and resource decline, Ricardo's Iron Law of Wages and Bertham's doctrine on relaxation and perception over work1. These particular bases of the law's idealism leads towards a more important sense of clarity as to what the law was really for. However, since the law interests many critics as to how much applicable the law is in saving the welfare of the poor people in the society (Blaug 1964 p.122). The tests that were used to at least measure the different issues that are in consideration with the application of the law in the society to which it is practically made for includes the less eligibility and the workhouse test. (Boyer 1990p.55) From the measuring examination, the less eligibility test provided a result that only those who are really needy would be able to be considerably considerate on taking workhouse jobs. Believably, the process of inculcations about the major conditions of working in workhouses makes them less interesting even for the poor (Dakyns 2005 p. 49). The other test that has been done was that of the workhouse test. The workhouse test on the other hand gave out a different result pointing out that people who are poor enough move to areas that are ready to welcome them; areas where there seems to be more opportunities of employment. From these resu From these results, it could be found that the law could have been effective for implementation if the actual missions of its creation have been carried through (Lees 1998 p. 342). These missions or particular objectives could be noted as follows: To create a protective consideration on the values of the tax payers helping them to avoid the dilemma of paying too much in comparison to what they are actually making for a living. (Lees 1998 p. 341) To help the unemployed individuals in urban areas to be transferred to their rural origin to reduce scarcity of resources in the city. To ensure the level of consideration given to those who are to be transferred, creation of jobs [or better workhouses] in the rural areas is to be pursued. (Lees 1998 p. 341) These missions impose a larger scope of identity that makes a huge difference on the recognition of employment and acceptability in the human society. Basically, through this, the implication of better jobs and the creation of better work areas or workhouses could interest more to work both in the rural and the urban areas2. It is also through this mission that the inculcation of the role of the Parish groups in assisting individuals who have no jobs to be counselled and motivated to get jobs of their own has been addressed as an aggressive manner of propagating the belief that working is a must and that having a chance to feed one's self and one's family is more important than self praise or social recognition. True, the same as it was before, the human society of the past was less able to control the sense of recognizing the need to live than the need to be known; this has a same implicative effect in the society today. As the poor law amendment of 1834 was also noted for its attributes being based on utilitarianism, this law aims to provide the greater number of people the level of satisfaction and happiness that they deserve

Computer Module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Module - Essay Example The question being asked is what constitutes the defining paradigms of quality in the phase of conflicting perceptions in the IT industry. It is against this background that the central focus of this paper is tailored towards highlighting the most classical principles that are in tune with best practices in the industry. For obvious reasons, it spares the paper the drudgery of professing speculative theories. The conventional structure of software language has always being targeted at making available a system of unambiguous programming pattern based on logical processes that are explicit in their usage.1 In a related study, Jagdish et la (2002) allude to the fact that the continuous dependence on computer software for the execution of virtually all industrial, commercial and social activities makes it imperative for the question of quality to be ranked very highly in the process of developing software-a fact that has gained unanimous support from all concerned stakeholders. Notwithstanding the consensus held about the latter, the point of division however, lies in the inability to establish a similar consensus in establishing a standardized definition of what the term "quality" really means when it comes to software technology. Its definition is always crafted to suit a specific purpose, in other words, depending on what the software in question will be used for, then an appropriation o f quality is assigned to it (Boehm 1978, Vincent et la 1998, Sefikla et la 1998). To ease this complication, Jagdish et la (2002) recommends the usage of the object-oriented paradigm to replace the conventional systems of conducting any meaningful software quality assessment (also see Li & Henry 1993). Object-oriented metrics approach is a representation of an entirely innovative system of that is able to handle a comparatively larger aggregate array of tasks than was hitherto possible. Notwithstanding, it is woefully saddled in a limitation of the magnitude and scope of the tasks it can be used to assess. Primarily, the obvious reasons are that all that is known about it and application is still in its infancy. For instance, it is known to lack the capacity to fully integrate a small quantity of discrete data, which may be terribly below the high expectations placed on quality assessment in a large scale context (Schmidt et la 2000, Brian et la 1996, Sefikla et la 1996). In another interesting study, Schmidt (2000) is not particularly enthused about the fact that prior to the implementation of the object-oriented metrics, there is no mechanism that enables any credible quality assessment check to be conducted on it during the development process. Essentially, any quality alterations that the software might stand in need of, would certainly have to be deferred until such a time that user feedback is generated. A significant amount of effort is required to get the object-oriented metrics running effectively during the early stages of the development process. Granted all the working dynamics are systemically synchronized then, much of the testing process will ensure a smooth performance of the software. Quality Appraisal In view of the limitations inherently

Genderroles&popularfilm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Genderroles&popularfilm - Essay Example the possibility that the film is concurrently reinforcing and challenging or endorsing and contesting traditional ideas about gender roles (John-Fiske, 1990, p, 28). The analysis is aided through the analysis of two characters in the film to uncover this hypothesis. The Lee’s film blended well with every audience based on his massive knowledge in the audience market therefore using Kung-Fu style that is associated with the stereotypical dominant male hero striving to rescue the weaker and gentler female figure. On the contrary, the film is ironic as this notion is overturned with Lee’s characters disputing the male dominant formulaic schema. The film’s fighters are dominated by the females who are depicted in ways that challenge the conventional social gender norms. Lee was therefore able to capture larger audience in his film, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. Before confining into characters, it is prudent to first explore the traditional perception of social gender norms. In many popular cultures, female figure is stereotyped as emotional, incapable and gentle. Traditionally, women had to depend on a stronger and agile male protection. In particular, Chinese women in late 1700s during the setting of the film were powerless over their lives. Marriages arrangements were executed without their consultations and consent, and had to heed to these arrangements without complaints or defiance. Conventionally, women were rated the weaker sex that could not defend themselves against a gile and stronger male counterparts. On the other hand, male females were confined on socially defined standards and were traditionally expected to be tough and strong with no display of being emotional that was rated as being weak males by the society. Male hero was independent, not vulnerable and self-sacrificing with Jillian Sandel’s article attaching masculinity to power and domination. Through Sandel’s article, we understand that the action of genre is dominated by the display

Assessment and Students Essay Example for Free

Assessment and Students Essay Journal assessment Conclusion Reccomendation III. INTRODUCTION: Why do Assessment? Are you asking too little of your class? Are your students approaching your course as hurdlers, barely clearing required levels of performance? Or are they approaching your course like high jumpers, pushing themselves under your guidance to increasingly more challenging heights? If your students arent high jumpers, maybe its because you arent asking them to high jump. By using appropriate assessment techniques, you can encourage your students to raise the height of the bar. There is considerable evidence showing that assessment drives student learning. More than anything else, our assessment tools tell students what we consider to be important. They will learn what we guide them to learn through our assessments. Traditional testing methods have been limited measures of student learning, and equally importantly, of limited value for guiding student learning. These methods are often inconsistent with the increasing emphasis being placed on the ability of students to think analytically, to understand and communicate at both detailed and big picture levels, and to acquire lifelong skills that permit continuous adaptation to workplaces that are in constant flux. Moreover, because assessment is in many respects the glue that links the components of a course its content, instructional methods, and skills development changes in the structure of a course require coordinated changes in assessment. IV. RESEARCH (CONTENT) What is Assessment? Assessment is a systematic process of gathering, interpreting, and acting upon data related to student learning and experience for the purpose of developing a deep understanding of what students know, understand, and can do with their knowledge as a result of their educational experience; the process culminates when assessment results are used to improve subsequent learning. Huba and Freed, 2000 Key Points Assessment is an ongoing process aimed at understanding and improving student learning Multiple methods Criteria and standards Evidence Students know, can do and understand It’s more than just collecting data Sequence in Preparing Instructionally Relevant Assessment INSTRUCTION Indicates the learning outcomes to be attained by students LEARNING TASK Specifies the particular set of learning task(s) to be assessed. ASSESSMENT Provides a procedure designed to measure a representative sample of the instructionally relevant learning tasks. Is there close agreement? What is the Assessment Process? AIMS ASSESSMENT ACTION ADJUSTMENT Importance of Assessment To find out what the students know (knowledge) To find out what the students can do, and how well they can do it (skill; performance) To find out how students go about the task of doing their work (process) To find out how students feel about their work (motivation, effort) What is Student Assessment for? *To help us design and modify programs to better promote learning and student success. To provide common definitions and benchmarks for student abilities that will enable us to act more coherently and effectively to promote student learning. *To provide feedback, guidance, and mentoring to students so as to help them better plan and execute their educational programs. *To provide improved feedback about student learning to support faculty in their work. Functions of Assessment Diagnostic: tell us what the student needs to learn Formative: tell us how well the student is doing as work progresses Summative: tell us how well the student did at the end of a unit/task What can be assessed? Student learning characteristics -Ability differences -Learning styles Student motivational characteristics -Interest -Self-efficacy -goal orientation Learning Content knowledge Ability to apply content knowledge Skills Dispositions and attitudes Performances Direct and Indirect Assessment Measures Direct methods ask students to demonstrate their learning while indirect methods ask them to reflect on their learning. Direct methods include objective tests, essays, case studies, problem solving exercises, presentations and classroom assignments. Indirect methods include surveys, interviews and student reflection and/or self-assessment essays. It is useful to include both direct and indirect assessment measures in your assessments. How should we assess? True –False Item Multiple Choice Completion Short Answer Essay Practical Exam Papers/Reports Projects Questionnaires Inventories Checklist Peer Rating Self Rating Journal Portfolio Observations Discussions Interviews Criteria In Choosing an Assessment Method It should be reliable. It should be valid. It should be simple to operate, and should not be too costly. It should be seen by students and society in general. It should benefit all students. Who should be involved in assessment? The teacher The student The student’s peer Administrator Parents What should we do with the information from our assessment? Use it to improve the focus of our teaching (diagnosis) Use it to focus student attention of strengths and weaknesses (motivation) Use it to improve program planning (program assessment) Use it for reporting to parents Classroom Assessment Paper and pencil assessments: Ask students to respond in writing to questions or problem -Item level: Assessing lower vs. higher skills -Knowledge vs. application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation -Authentic tasks e. . multiple choice, T/F, matching (recognition), short answer, essay (recall) Paper and Pencil Assessment Strengths -Can cover a lot of material reasonably well -Fair -Effective in assessing declarative knowledge of content Easier to construct and administer than performance assessments Weaknesses -Require forethought and skill -Less effective in assessing procedural knowledge and creative thinking -Con struction of good higher level recognition items is difficult -Recall items that do a good job of assessing higher level thinking (essay questions) are difficult to score. Performance Assessments assessment that elicits and evaluates actual student performances Types of Performances: Products: drawings, science experiments, term papers, poems, solution to authentic problems Behavior: time trial for running a mile, reciting a poem, acting tryouts, dancing Performance assessments Strengths – Effective for assessing higher level thinking and authentic learning -Effective for assessing skill and procedural learning -Interesting and motivating for students Weaknesses -Emphasize depth at the expense of breadth Difficult to construct -Time consuming to administer -Hard to score fairly How can we assess student learning? Traditional assessment: assess student knowledge and skills in relative isolation from real world context. Traditional assessment practices reflect what students are able to recall from memory through various means, such as, multiple choice, true/false, fill in the blank, and matching questions. Authentic assessment: assess studentsâ⠂¬â„¢ ability to use what they’ve learning in tasks similar to those in the outside world. Occurs when the authenticity of student learning has been observed. It requires information from a variety of source such as content work samples, observation during class activities, and conferences with students. Classroom Assessment Informal Assessment: teachers’ spontaneous, day to day observations of student performances. Examples Verbal -Asking questions -Listening to student discussions -Conducting student conferences Nonverbal -Observing -Task performances -On-and off-task behavior -student choices -student body language Informal Assessment Strengths -Facilitates responsive teaching -Can be done during teaching -Easy to individualize Weaknesses -Requires high level of teacher skill -Is vulnerable to -Bias -Inequities –Mistakes Classroom Assessment Formal assessment : assessment that is planned in advance and used to assess a predetermined content and/or skill domain. Strengths -allows the teacher to evaluate all students systematically on the important skills and concepts -helps teachers determine how well students are progressing over the entire year -provides useful information to parents and administrators. Portfolios A collection of student samples representing or demonstrating student academic growth. It can include formative and summative assessment. It may contain written work, journals, maps, charts, survey, group reports, peer reviews and other such items. Portfolios are systematic, purposeful, and meaningful collections of students’ work in one or more subject areas. Importance of Portfolios For Students Shows growth over time Displays student’s accomplishment Helps students make choices Encourages them to take responsibility for their work Demonstrates how students think Importance of Portfolios For Teachers Highlights performance-based activities over year Provides a framework for organizing student’s work Encourages collaboration with students, parents, and teachers Showcases an ongoing curriculum Facilitates student information for decision making Importance of Portfolios For Parents Offer insight into what their children do in school Facilitates communication between home and school Gives the parents an opportunity to react to what their child is doing in school and to their development Shows parents how to make a portfolio so they may do one at home at the same time Importance of Portfolios For Administrators Provides evidence that teacher/school goals are being met Shows growth of students and teachers Provides data from various sources What do portfolios contain? Three basic models: Showcase model, consisting of work samples chosen by the student. Descriptive model, consisting of representative work of the student, with no attempt at evaluation. Evaluative model, consisting of representative products that have been evaluated by criteria. Disadvantages of Portfolio Require more time for faculty to evaluate than test or simple-sample assessment. Require students to compile their own work, usually outside of class. Do not easily demonstrate lower-level thinking, such as recall of knowledge. May threaten students who limit their learning to cramming for doing it at the last minute. Rubric It is a scoring guide that seeks to evaluate a student’s performance based on the sum of a full range of criteria rather than a single numerical score. It is a working guide for students and teachers, usually handed out before the assignment begins in order to get students to think about the criteria on which their work will be judged. Rubrics are scoring criteria for Free-response Questions Scientific reports Oral or Power point presentations Reflections/Journals Essay Laboratory-based performance tests Article review or reactions Portfolios Many others Open-ended Question Concept Mapping It requires students to explore links between two or more related concepts. When making concept maps, they clarify in their minds the links they have made of the concepts and having visual representation of these links, they are better able to rearrange of form new links when new concepts are introduced. Laboratory Performance In this format students and teachers know the requirements in advance and prepare them. The teacher judges the student performance within a specific time frame and setting. Students are rated on appropriate and effective use of laboratory equipment, measuring tools, and safety laboratory procedures as well as a hands-on designing of an investigation. Inventories Diagnostic Inventories: Student responses to a series of questions or statements in any field, either verbally or in writing. These responses may indicate an ability or interest in a particular field. Interest Inventories: student responses to questions designed to find out past experience and or current interest in a topic, subject or activity. Classroom Assessment Presentation : a presentation by one student or by a group of students to demonstrate the skills used in the completion of an activity or the acquisition of curricular outcomes/expectations. The presentation can take the form of a skit, lecture, lab presentation, debate etc. Computers can also be used for presentation when using such software as Hyperstudio, Powerpoint or Corel presentations. Peer Evaluation : judgments by students about one another’s performance relative to stated criteria and program outcomes Journal Assessment This refer to student’s ongoing record of expressions experiences and reflections on a given topic. There are two types: one in which students write with minimal direction what he/she is thinking and or feeling and the other requires students to compete a specific written assignment and establishes restrictions and guidelines necessary to accurately accomplish the assignment. Journals can evolve different types of reflecting writing, drawing, painting, and role playing. REFLECTIVE JOURNAL What did I learn? How do I feel about it? What happened? SYNTHESIS JOURNAL How I can Use It? What I learned? What I Did? SPECULATION ABOUT EFFECTS JOURNAL What could happen because of this? What happened? V. CONCLUSION A fair assessment is one in which students are given equitable opportunities to demonstrate what they know and can do. Classroom assessment is not only for grading or ranking purposes. Its goal is to inform instruction by providing teachers with information to help them make good educational decisions. Assessment is integrated with student’s day-to-day learning experiences rather than a series of an end-of-course tests. Why link assessment with instruction? Better assessment means better teaching. Better teaching means better learning . Better learning means better students. Better students mean better opportunities for a better life. VI. RECCOMENDATION Specific assessment tools, listed below, are strongly recommended to faculty and department heads for their ability to provide useful information for accountability and, more importantly, to foster dialogue to improve student learning within courses. These three assessment tools are strongly recommended because they are concise and effective direct evaluations as opposed to indirect evaluations. Direct evaluations can be both formative (the gathering of information about student learning during the progression of a course or program, usually repeatedly, to improve the learning of those students) and summative (the gathering of information at the conclusion of the course, program or undergraduate career to improve learning or to meet accountability demands. ) 1. Rubrics:  These are the most flexible types of direct assessments and can be used to score any product or performance such as essays, portfolios, skill performances, oral exams, debates, project/product creation, oral presentations or a student’s body of work over the course of a semester. Since we are talking about assessing â€Å"official† course learning outcomes that are stated in course documents, all faculty teaching that course must agree on a detailed scoring system that delineates criteria used to discriminate among levels and is used for scoring a common assignment, product or performance or set of assignments, products or performances. Information can be obtained from the course document’s assignment and evaluation pages to help guide the creation of the rubric. Pros: †¢ Defines clear expectations. †¢ Can be used to score many kinds of assignments or exams †¢ Faculty define standards and criteria and how they will be applied Cons: †¢ Faculty must agree on how to define standards and criteria and how they will be applied 2. Common Final Exam or Common Capstone Project:  These direct assessment methods integrate knowledge, concepts and skills associated with an entire sequence of study in a course. Either use the same final exam for all sections offered in a course (commercially produced/standardized test or locally developed final exam) or require a culminating final project that is similar (using the same grading rubric to evaluate). Pros: †¢ Good method to measure growth over time with regard to a course †¢ Cumulative †¢ The data is more robust if all students complete the same assessment †¢ Provides an additional buffer between student learning performance and an individual instructor’s teaching performance Cons: Focus and breadth of assessment are important †¢ Understanding all of the variables to produce assessment results is also important †¢ May result in additional course requirements †¢ Requires coordination and agreement on standards 3. Embedded Test Questions:  Embed the same agreed upon questions that relate to the course’s student learning outcomes into the final exam for all sections of the course and analyze tho se results and/or embed the same agreed-upon requirements into the final project/assignment for all sections of the course and analyze those results. Pros: †¢ Good method to measure growth over time with regards to a course †¢ Cumulative †¢ The data is more robust if all students complete the same assessment †¢ Provides an additional buffer between student learning performance and an individual instructor’s teaching performance †¢ Embedded questions can be reported as an aggregate Cons: †¢ May result in additional course requirements †¢ Requires coordination and agreement on standards If some instructors embed and others do not, the data will be difficult to compare and analyze †¢ Separate analysis of embedded set of questions is required VII. REFERENCES https://www. google. com. ph/search? q=ASSESSMENT+TOOLS+PPT;rlz=2C1GTPM_enPH0537PH0537;aq=f;oq=assessment+tools+;aqs=chrome. 0. 59j57j61j60l2j0. 3437j0;sourceid=chrome;ie=UTF-8 http://www. slideshare. net/armovil/assessment-of-student-learning? from_search=2 Fulks, Janet, â€Å"Assessing Student Learning in Community Colleges†, Bakersfield College, 2004

Household Behavior and Demand Essay Example for Free

Household Behavior and Demand Essay Household behavior is one of the any basic concepts in economics which has an effect on market trends. Household demand, for instance, can be seen as related to consumer choices in terms of which products are mostly bought in the market and which products need more supplies in terms of item production and its corresponding allocation. One of the many essential features of household demand is its corresponding effect on what is being provided in the market and, more importantly, the quantities or stock that is being allocated in the market. It seems quite obvious that the quantities of certain products in the market—for instance, in a certain area or a certain supermarket—are patterned according to the existing demand and the foreseen demands a some point in the future, say within a frame of a few weeks time. Household behavior, for its effects on market trends to be realized and understood, must be taken from a general and collective standpoint since a single specific household behavior cannot entirely be taken into account as the precise and sole measure in determining the overall household behavior true for all o most instances with regard to market trends. For example, it has been observed that Chinese people rely largely on the prices of products in determining which ones are the best buys. Paul French notes that â€Å"for pragmatic Chinese shoppers, price remains the bottom-line† which translates to the idea that â€Å"win on price and you win† (French, 2007). Hence, in the context of Chinese households, producers of certain goods should greatly consider the fact that Chinese households will most likely prefer goods which are relatively lower in price as compared to other products in the market in order stay atop the competition. To be able to gain control of the price index of a certain product in the market means to be able to win the market competition if the Chinese household behavior is the primary basis to be used. The perception appears simple enough: household behavior determines household demand which, in consequence, affects a large portion of certain market trends. Thus, to analyze a specific market trend for a specific product entails the analysis and understanding of certain trends in household demand caused by household behavior. An existing household demand, say, for breakfast cereals can be looked upon the collective household behavior in terms of cereal consumption for the past six months for the locality of Chicago, for example. Given a relatively high consumption rate for breakfast cereals with the price not exceeding $4 per box among families, companies producing breakfast cereals may have the corresponding decision to pattern their product according to the existing demand. Although it may not essentially be the case that companies will sacrifice prices of their products in order to meet the demand for the value of the products, being able to adjust product prices in accordance to the existing market prices will most likely lead to favorable results on the part of the companies since market demand is met. Quite on the contrary, there are still other related factors which hinder the feat of lowering prices according to the budget and income of households which determine their capacity to buy and consume certain products. More recently, several instant-noodle corporations in China have difficulties in lowering the prices of their products due to escalating prices in wheat and other farm commodities (Zhu, 2007). With prices in instant-noodles—a popular product among individuals with meager budget—soaring, even the household demand or low-cost instant-noodles may hardly deter companies from lowering the prices of their goods just to meet the existing demand in the market. On the part of households, proper allocation of income can be one remedy in order to curb unnecessary spending so as to be able to allocate budget on goods which the households deem as a dire part of their income-spending. In this case, household behavior and demand appears to be patterned according to the existing market trends which is the opposite or reverse case of what has been provided earlier. Hence, it is also possible to have a household behavior or consumer choice that is based on existing market trends apart from the possibility that market trends may also be based on existing consumer choice and household behavior. Allocating income to maximize utility is one household behavior that determines consumer choice in the long run. For instance, there is the observation that â€Å"household expenditure patterns are affected by the share of household income accruing to women† (Hopkins, Levin, Haddad, 1994). Given this perception, the choices of consumers over a vast array of products competing in the market is not only affected by external elements determined by companies but also by internal elements sprouting from household consumption patterns of certain goods in relation to the household’s budget allocation. In terms of income and substitution effects, the changes in the prices of certain goods are proposed to alter the demands for such goods. Changes in relative prices as well as changes in the purchasing power of the money income can greatly alter the existing demands for, say, a breakfast cereal. Even if the prices for breakfast cereals remain the same for a given period, alterations in the income will result to an equal change in the budget constraint (Hamermesh, 1977). On the other hand, if the price of breakfast cereals changes, the budget constraint will change accordingly. One concrete way in further understanding the situation is that in order to maximize the utility with the decreased budget constraint, the household will tend to have shifts in their patterns of consumption. For instance, with the budget constraint arising from the decrease in the money’s purchasing power, households will tend to maximize the utility of money by increasing the segregation of purchases of goods based on low-cost preference. An example to this is when households purchase goods with relatively lower prices given a budget of $20 which results to more purchases of various goods while on the other hand households purchasing goods with relatively higher prices will result to lesser maximization of the utility or lesser goods purchased with the $20 budget. Hence, wage rates also share a crucial part in determining household behavior and demand as well as consumer choice. It has been seen that the rates of wages of certain groups of people have corresponding implications on the purchasing power of households. To arrive at the observation that the wage of a household is decreased corresponds to the observation that the purchasing capacity of the same household proportionally, if not significantly, decreases. A higher wage, then, will translate to a higher capacity to purchase goods in the market. In the larger scheme, a group of households with a high rate of wage will most likely have higher purchasing capacity thereby inducing the household behavior of increased spending assuming the household has lesser tendencies to save their income. In effect, a certain market demand will be conjured in such a way that a certain good, for instance, will experience an increase in demand which calls for a corresponding increase in goods being supplied. Thus, it can be noted that the overall rate in household demand will relatively increase given the increase in wages. On the other hand, interest rates may greatly alter or shift the persisting demand from households towards a certain good. For instance, a higher interest rates for purchased loans by households will certainly result to a higher real cost of purchase in the fulfillment of all payments made for the loan. It is quite apparent that an increase of 2% in interest rates from 4% to 6% will most certainly have a corresponding effect on the actual cost of the good purchased. For the most part, higher interest rates translate to higher cost of purchases, decreased household spending given a fixed rate of wages, and a lesser spending on other goods which result to a corresponding decrease in the demand for those other goods. The price of leisure also has a significant role in comprehending the patterns in household demand and consumer choices. For instance, higher prices in the cost of airplane travels would entail that the consumer will opt for the airline provider with the least cost. A decline in the preference for airlines with comparatively higher airline prices will most likely be felt assuming that a given set of consumers have fixed income. Budget constraints in an environment of increasing prices in leisure enable one to view the household demand for existing leisure. Indeed, it has been observed that several market trends can be viewed and analyzed using the perceptions on household behavior and demand for certain goods and products. The interrelationships existing between the market trend and the household behavior is clear although at some point several exceptions would have to be made. Essential to this understanding is the view that there may or may not be actual budget constraints and that prices of commodities may actually shift even without the presence of the shift such as a decline or incline in the demand from households. Nevertheless, there are many cases in which household behavior has its implications on the existing market trends. References French, P. (2007). When the Best Buy Is No Buy. The Wall Street Journal(August 7). Hamermesh, D. S. (1977). A Note on Income and Substitution Effects in Search Unemployment. The Economic Journal, 87(346), 312. Hopkins, J. , Levin, C. , Haddad, L. (1994). Womens Income and Household Expenditure Patterns: Gender or Flow? Evidence from Niger. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76(5), 1219. Zhu, E. (2007). Chinas Battle Against Inflation Puts Noodle Makers in Hot Water. The Wall Street Journal(August 29), B11.

Language Barriers In Global Advertising Cultural Studies Essay

Language Barriers In Global Advertising Cultural Studies Essay Strategic advertising and marketing of recent years are not now same for each continent and country, but it started to change. Today, it is common to enhance a uniform strategy to be employed globally. Therefore, this enhancement recommends that the periodically issue of cultural changes have been obviously broken. The good side of international advertising is the creation of a integrated brand that can be known at everywhere, regardless the language it might be used. Some instances of those global brands are; Culture is a broad topic which includes everything from socially spread behavior, arts, beliefs, tradition, education and thought. It is obvious that there are going to be vital cultural differences regarding the different historical base of country. There are three main topics for culture that have normally been cited to wrong interpretations and social mistakes. Indeed if we list them: religion, sex and language spoken. Religion, is a subject most people would exactly not try to debate with a foreigner. Some changes in mind according to worship and the traditions related in it can spark some controversy. Furthermore, the persist pressure to rise the population of the value is a factor to religion being a general subject that invites social mistake and misjudge. Therefore, it is so hard to demand an international advertising promotion on a religious product without leading to protests or rumors. Cultural changes regarding gender are recognized to nearly all societies. (Gilly 1988, p .76) by the thought of advertising, it is essential to connect sex to language because language make human reality solid. 1.2 Language: Root cultural barrier Despite there are broadly spoken languages in the world like Spanish, English and Chinese, the challenge of language as a cultural obstacle is still. Being the main vehicle of expression, language becomes the root cultural barrier that differs people from one field to another. Since language is important in advertising, it is noted that the specific use of words make or cut the efficiency of a promotion. 1.3 Tackling the language barrier When designing a worldwide advertising campaign, the most important thing that international companies should remember is to decide whether they will create a standardized campaign or make varied advertisements for select countries. Language is always a key element in discussing standardization. There are cases where all the execution elements of a worldwide campaign are the same except for the language. But this is not a common scenario because most advertisers agree that the message becomes more effective when put in the vernacular instead of one standardized language. Furthermore, they also use standardization in almost all key elements more than their non-Western counterparts. (p.64) With the results of this particular study, one can say that the trend today leans toward standardizing language less since all the top agencies originate from the West. 2. MEDIA LIMITATIONS Commercial media is another effective effect on international advertisement.   Media might reduce the effects of advertising set of plan and might push the firms to underline the other aspects of promotional mixture. A firms ability to create is basically challenged while a television advertisement is restricted to ten showing one year without two exposal nearer than ten days. Advertisers affect what sort of story is interpreted. More effective, advertisements themselves form peoples opinions of the world. They are a spreading source of unreality, encouraging lack of security and movement of buyers. There are of course number of issues with the intense media. But some of the media are much better than others, judged by the criteria of accuracy, quality and independence of special interests. Most media critics seem to believe that it is possible to promote and develop enlightened, responsive, truly educative mass media. Efforts at reform can be worthwhile, but have intrinsic limits. The issues are not with media in common, but with media, namely those media that are produced by relatively few people compared to the number who receive them. Most large newspapers, radio and television stations suitable for this description. Mass media by their nature give power to a few and offer little scope for participation by the vast majority. 2.1 The power of the mass media is corrupting. The sole unexpected thing is how responsible some of the broad media are. Given the corruptions of power, revolution of the broad media, beside useful, should not be the target. Instead, the purpose should be to occupy widely media by communication systems that are more open to participation. If we focus on the usual approaches we can outline that most analyses of the media presume that there are just two options, both, state control or a free market. The problem with control by the government is that control is from a centre based. The media of military regimes and bureaucratic socialist states are infamous with their censorship. The supporters of the free market dispute that state-owned media, or narrow regulations, are noxious even in liberal democracies. The issue with free market media is that they give only a so restricted freedom, namely freedom for wide media firms and other dynamic corporate interests. Everyone is free to own a publishing company or television station. The primary issue seen as adopting a global strategy is: It is really hard for firms, especially in deeply centralized businesses, to manage all the activities of various of broadly scattered international applications. 2) The organization has to continue existing communication between headquarters and the auxiliaries. 3) When held to an intense, worldwide technique ends in a lack of reaction quality and flexibility in particular market aimed. 4) Regional leaders who are passed of self independence on their country operations might be down and cause a lack of organizational courage.(Hills, Gerald E, 1997) 3 CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS In the international area, understanding and identifying cultural distinct may make a huge change between successful business negotiations and mortifying rejections. International business communication plays a main role in this, while understanding how to communicate through what they are talking about as view is a big advantage. Every culture has their own way of saying things, what may not be offending to you may be offending to them. International business communication is all about knowing the important thing that lies behind peoples words in the international arena. International business communication is communicating across cultures and the first thing we have to keep in mind is the basic understanding that one size does not fit all. Keeping in mind that the cultural traditions or habits we have does not mean that everyone else around the world does. As it is said, When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Culture is the different ways in which people act, or consider towards themselves, families, and other people in the community. It involves traditions related with social, political, family, and religious values. Differences must be identified and recognized to bridge the gaps between cultures and for real communication to take place. Some of the effective international business communication guidelines that may help you swing that deal are: Non-verbal and Verbal behavior Each language have their own linguistic choices, and those choice help us giving clues about the specific cultures the way to act, manners, and considering. The English people use modesty and understatement, and are sometimes deliberately unclear to avoid confrontation and so kind. Oratory, expressiveness, and flowery of words are most general among Italians and the Spanish, Germans and also are so reasonable in manner. Knowing what people mean when they say yes is very important; it may mean yes, I understand but not yes, I agree. Gestures Gestures consists sensitivity and mindfulness, as gestures that are not violating to you might be so violating to the other, as in the case of indicating someone to come, some would hold out their hand with the palm up and then move the fingers gesturing the person to come. In Asian culture however, this kind of gesture is considered offensive. To gesture someone to come in Asian culture should be done with the palm facing down and then rolling the fingers. 3.1 Relationship between Culture and Advertising Advertising is thought to act as a mirror reflecting culture by transferring current cultural meanings (McCracken 1986).  By rephrasing, advertisements are taken in consideration as a model of social communication that influence the cultural values of a society (Khairullah 1995).  Meantime, advertising makes and builds new type of cultural values and meanings by affecting group identities and reinforcing stereotypes.  Therefore advertising is not sole affected by cultural values moreover behaves as an agent affecting cultural values.  Since a marketing concept, advertisers have been more fascinated in the influences of culture on buyers reaction to advertising. People prefer to live in their cultural restrictions; for instance, people have their own cultural values and norms, which affect the way they consider, feel and behave.  People in the same ethnic groups have same tendency to share the language, traditions and values,.  These shared values like culture influence peoples cognitive (beliefs and motives), affective (emotion and attitude) and behavioural (purchase and consumption) processes. Regarding this idea of advertising as a mirror, cultural values and standards are implanted in ads in such a way that consumers can see themselves and identify with the characters in the ads and feel affinity with the brands (Hong, Muderrissoglu and Zinkhan 1987).  Therefore, cultural distinctiveness in the world influences how ethnic buyers consider and acknowledge advertising messages. PART -B- 4 HIGH CONTEXT AND LOW CONTEXT COMMUNICATION Nowadays business relations, world is small. Since so many companies turn to worldwide markets, workers are finding themselves in foreign locales, dealing as never before. Nevertheless, the main thing to efficient communication for countries is an understanding of each others culture, tradition, as a working knowledge of how each society passes meaning. It is first used by author Edward Hall, the expressions high context and low context are categorises explaining inherent cultural distinctiveness between communities. High-context and low-context communication aims implying to how much speakers depend on things other than words to pass meaning. In every culture, members are supplied with particular filters that let them to concentrate sole on what community has considered significantly. Mainly, cultures that refer low-context communication will have to pay more attention to the literal meanings of words than to the context surrounding them. International advertising has gone a quite long way with combining different ties and breaking distinct borders over the world. The awareness of a product if they are placed in an area far from home, suddenly point efficiency and value. By the thought of occuring a global village with the exceeded products the world has to suggest, worldwide advertising has well worked with media in making this real. Nevertheless, cultural obstacles are still in place across the world. An opinion of a woman in Turkey cannot be same as a woman in the United Kingdom or the one from Kenya. By language as the main tool for explaining these opinions, worldwide advertising has a hard way of contending with those cultural differences due to many physical differences in language and its different interpretations. Therefore, a study has reached the conclusion that beside standardization was put to affect, sole execution and strategy are nearly all the time standardized. Language, what is thought a separate aspect, still balances the line. This outline, that it is a main belief that languages are still a hurdle that can obstruct the efficiency of a message. The numerous interpretations that can be gathered will reduce the single push that the product needs to advertise. Nevertheless, there are styles in advertising that can receive a message without the words used. Language can either be a obstruction and a tool, it is how one is going to use it what is going to decide its aim. As worldwide advertising points to promote a good that can keep busy peoples minds and affect consumer behaviors, international advertisement campaigns have to be straight forward and easy to help message of the product philosophy is not going to be lost in translation, so to speak. Understanding the cultures and their differences is primary thing in Inter cultural communication. There are various factors in communication like time, social framework and non-verbal communication. Communication itself is an exchange of information between senders and receivers, and thus, people easily refer it as a simple matter. However, communication is very complex and high-technological context to understand and to use. This complex context becomes more difficult when culture is involved. Different cultures have different ways to communicate, and by understanding how these cultures communicate, effective inter-cultural communication can be achieved.  

Iago the Conniver in Shakespeares Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Iago the Conniver in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   If there were more than one evil presence in Shakespeare’s Othello who had the intensity of Iago, the play would be unbearably pessimistic. Let us examine the character who is unexcelled in his evil ways.    Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes expounds on the self-centered philosophy of Iago:    To Iago love is merely â€Å"a lust of the blood and a permission of the will†. Self-love, which is in the thinking of   Shakespeare’s day the mother of all vices, is the only love that Iago respects. [. . .] It is thus that the villain is defined. Will is directed to the gaining of ends set by passion and judged by reason. The passion which escapes reason the leads men on to their destruction is the passion which marks the tragic hero. But the passion which sets the ends and has the means judged by reason is the passion which we have already seen is mortal sin. And such is the passion that has brought the judgment and the will into its service in Iago and the other villains. (157)    Is there any doubt as to how vital Iago is to the narrative of the play? Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† elaborates on Iago’s exact function and place in the play:    . . . Iago ruins Othello by insinuating into his mind the question, ‘How do you know?’ The tragic experience with which this play is concerned is loss of faith, and Iago is the instrument to bring Othello to this crisis of his being. His task is made possible by his being an old and trusted companion, while husband and wife are virtually strangers, bound only by passion and faith; and by the fact that great joy bewilders, leaving the heart apt to doubt the reality of its joy. The strange and... ...ho Each Other.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Gardner, Helen. â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from â€Å"The Noble Moor.† British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p.: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.   

Electrolysis Investigation :: Papers

Electrolysis Investigation Aim To investigate how voltage affects the amount of a copper (Cu) deposited during electrolysis of copper sulphate solution (CuSO4). Variables ========= TEMPERATURE - Approximately 20ÂÂ ° centigrade.The higher the temperature, the faster the ions move through the solution. Thus, more copper is deposited in the given time period. ELECTROLYTE (CONCENTRATION) - 100g per litre. The denser the solution, the slower the reaction. The slower the reaction, the less copper is deposited in the given time period. VOLTAGE - (Input / Key Variable) 1-5 volts. The higher the voltage, the faster the ions move. The faster ions move, the more copper is deposited in the given time period. TIME - 1 minute. The longer the ions have to move, the more copper is deposited. ELECTRODES (AREA) - 211.2cmÂÂ ³. The larger the electrode, the more copper can be deposited on it and faster. ELECTRODES (DISTANCE APART) - 5cm. The further apart the electrodes, the further the ions have to travel, and so it takes longer for the copper to be deposited and the less copper can be deposited in the given time period. Prediction I predict that the higher the voltage, the faster the ions in the copper sulphate solution will move and so deposit more copper at the cathode in the given time period. If I decrease the voltage less copper will be deposited. Below is some scientific theory to back up my prediction. Scientific Theory Electrolysis is the process of decomposing compounds by electrical energy. An element is produced at each electrode. In my experiment the copper sulphate will start to decompose. At the cathode copper will be formed. Oxygen will be formed at the anode. This causes the anode to wear away while the cathode gains mass. According to Faraday's second law of electrolysis, "The quantity of a substance that is electrolysed is proportional to the quantity of the electricity used." It follows that the speed at which a substance is

Biblical Foundations

Biblical Foundations Paper Many people play a part in curriculum development and design in secular and non-secular school systems. This may include society, government, church, and family. Before developing a curriculum components are considered where educational questions are asked and answered with a probable cause in order to set goals and objectives from standards to make up the curriculum. Educators in both secular and non-secular schools have to decide what content is meaningful and purposeful for students to learn. Christian philosophy and worldviewLearning takes place through experience and individual study from both a teacher and a student. From a biblical prospective teaching and learning all points to God as the Creator and Sustainer of all reality. If planning with the purpose of applying biblical principles, educators should direct principles not only at the content being taught but also to the development of a biblical worldview of the students and the way they learn. I n my opinion, God made all persons unique in their own special way so that they can contribute their special gifts, talents, experiences, and insights throughout society just as his son Jesus did.The bible makes it clear that God calls us to be a community in society which we all contribute our special gifts given to us (Van Brummelen, 2009). To teach means to take the lead in planning appropriate lessons catered to each individualized learning styles covering all contents in lessons by producing a variety of ways to capture the attention of students. Educators can use the appropriate tools to apply principles to essential questions, objectives, key learning activities, and classroom management strategies to determine whether lesson and unit plans lead towards the purpose that’s desire to achieve.Jesus captured the attention of many through his teachings because he taught like no other he was unique and reached people from their level of understanding through his teachings. A scripture that comes to mind is Proverbs 22:6 which states â€Å"train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it† (KJV). When teachers train students through modeling and through educational principles they are able to effectively train a child to grow up with morals and values as well as how to be productive members of society, and how to respond correctly to the world that surrounds them.Personal belief about truth of society The Bible explains that no one is perfect in this world, Romans 3:23 says, â€Å"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God† Romans 3:10 states â€Å"None is righteous, no, not one† (KJV). Therefore, we all have flaws and should work on doing good rather than evil teaching the way of being righteous and doing what is expected of us. Galatians 5:22-23 says, â€Å"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control; again st such things there is no law† (KJV).Being effective means knowing how to recognize problems that deals with situations from multiple perspectives. Teachers can rely on their professional knowledge and judgment to take action by knowing the consequences of solved problems whether good or bad. A good teacher sets the tone and lays the foundation for students to succeed with learning by implementing great strategies to encourage and promote self discipline in a positive classroom environment. Roles of the teacher and learner Teachers play a very important role in influencing and in increasing students’ interests in an active-learning environment (Rotgans and Schmidt, 2011). Timothy 2:15 notes, â€Å"study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed† (KJV). An important part of the education process is to give students the tools needed to integrate what they learn, know, and believe in order to mature in a way that will remain with t hem for the rest of their lives. As a Christian teaching in a public school, I can most definitely explain what I teach differently from a Christian teacher due to my character principals I follow to guide me daily throughout life.I can teach students to question what they know, what they think they know, why they think they know it, and then begin to lead them to the truth about the lessons being taught. I can answer questions that might arrive based on my beliefs using logical thoughts derived from my opinion. With my teaching principles, as in Jesus’ ministry, there is a strong link between standards, objectives and outcomes. I feel that students need to know what is important and not forget. As with me, following the example ofJesus by modeling and practicing what I believe not only communicates the content but also gives students the strategies, skills, and processes they will need to apply the truth about learning. Using assessments, reinforcement, and reviews that will link declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge will also enable students to retrieve and apply knowledge gained in real-life situations. We as educators must remember that we are working with the future that students possess and that we have the unique opportunity to have a major impact on the lives of students.Roles of the society, government, church, and family in the development of curriculum Politics influence curriculum design and development because it all starts with starts funding. Public and private educational institutions both rely on politics for funding, hiring of personnel, building, and maintaining facilities, and equipment. Mainly all aspects of curriculum depend on local, state and national political standards in which affects curriculum development. According to Ganly (2007), the federal government mostly influence the range of the curriculum found in the classrooms.The state provides support materials and a guide for each subject area and grade level. The st ate also determines what students should be learning and provides a list of approved materials that can be used in the classroom. The state sets the standards on what students should be learning and forms committees holding public meetings where they listen to different interest's and opinions on curriculum form members of the community. After suggestions are considered the state sets rules for student standards. The District provides materials for teaching such as state standards and pacing guides to the curriculum.The district also reviews material that can be used in the classroom and recommends specific materials that should be purchased. The community plays a very important role in influencing curriculum in a school. Different community groups such as religious, political, and varying associations influence a school by effecting what topics may be taught. The community is also influential when deciding on things to implement and use because they are actively involved in distric t decisions about proposed materials. The community plays a role in extra curricula activities by hosting different clubs, teams, and events.Families of students also play a role in the curriculum through surveys that are established giving feedback on how they feel the curriculum is helping with student learning. Parents’ opinion matter due to their perception of education and the needs of the school system that helps in teaching learning principals of education. â€Å"When parents are involved in their children's education, both children and parents are likely to benefit† (Brown, 2000). References Brown, P. C. (2000). Involving parents in the education of their children. Retrieved from http://www. idsource. com/kidsource/content2/Involving_parents. html Ganly, S. (2007). The key players in curriculum development in United States schools. Retrieved from http://voices. yahoo. com/the-key-players-curriculum-development-united-535636. html Rotgans, J. I. , & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). The role of teachers in facilitating situational interest in an active learning classroom. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27, 37-42. Van Brummelen, Haro. (2009). Walking with God in the classroom: Christian Approaches to Teaching and Learning 3rd Edition

Life Is What You Make It Essay

It When thinking about my view of the world, there is a jumble of different philosophies, beliefs, and ideas going on in my head. There is so much to take into consideration, and it seems that everything is connected but also scattered in a way that it is hard to really be able to dig deep and explain on paper what my worldview is. After many headaches and deep thoughts, I boiled it down to the things that I could not get out of my head. No matter how hard I tried, I could not get rid of these thoughts when thinking about what to say. These key parts of my worldview are that I believe in the theory of evolution and the big bang theory, not that God created Earth. I believe there is not a higher figure that determines where you go when you die. I also believe in a person’s right to make choices regarding their own life. Although my values and beliefs may have been shaped from the people around me, I feel that I have values and beliefs that are truly my own and are not what other’s want me to value and believe in. One of the first things that comes to my mind when hearing the word worldview, is my view on whether or not there is a god and an afterlife. When I was a baby, I was baptised in the Catholic church,but I do not attend church on a weekly basis, and never have. Because of never going to church, I have very little knowledge of the Bible, and the beliefs of Catholicism. Having this little knowledge about religion versus the facts that I have learned in science class makes it very easy for me to believe in the scientific theory of evolution. I have a hard time believing that God created Earth and all its creatures, and even that there is a God. Which leads me into my view on afterlife and how you get there. I believe that there is somewhere you go when you die. I do not believe that you just rot in the ground. However, I do not necessarily think that it is heaven and hell, but I’m not quite sure what it is yet. As far as getting to the afterlife, I do not believe that there is one figure deciding where you go when you die based on the way you lived your life. Since my values were not based on religion, I believe in the freedom for a person’s right to choose regarding their life and death. Abortion, assisted suicide, homo and heterosexuality are all examples of the freedom of choices that I believe in. I think people have the right to make their own choices regarding their personal life, without the judgement from God or even other people. Another very strong value that I have is that I think it is wrong to judge someone based on their skin color, religion, body type, sexuality and even the opinions they have. I think that it is right to abide by rules and laws. If the majority of our society did not follow the laws that we have, America would be in chaos. I like the idea of a democracy, that everyone who wants a say gets one, but yet there is a group of people who keep society organized. In my opinion, my values, beliefs and what I think is right and wrong have been shaped from different influences. Obviously, the first influence came from my parents. Growing up in their household has definitely shaped my beliefs. For example, my parents taught me to abide by the rules given to you. But there are also some things that I do not agree with my parents on. For example, my father thinks being gay is wrong, I strongly disagree with that. Another factor influencing my values and beliefs is my peers. My values resemble my closest friends’ values and beliefs and because we have common views and that is why we are so connected. I grew accustomed to their values and beliefs because of being around my friends so often. In conclusion, my worldview is that there is no higher figure that determines your fate during life and when you die. Each individual personally has the right to make choices regarding his or her own destiny in life. I believe that my knowledge from science classes taught me that the Earth was created because of a big bang in the universe which is more powerful than my knowledge of how God created Earth and it’s species. My values and beliefs are truly my own, yet they would not be the same if I did not have the guidance and knowledge from my parents and peers.

A Bergerian Reading and Chris “Ludacris” Bridges

The whole of our existence is shaped by our experiences – the various situations that we find ourselves in. Parts of our experiences are influenced by what we see, and what we see takes us to new levels of experiences that allow us to situate ourselves in thoughts or visions represented by what we virtually perceive.Interpretations of visual texts, such as works of art, therefore are based on our perceptions and points of view, consequently leading to subjectivity despite the conventional meanings embedded within these works of art by the artist.Under these pretexts, various works of art, borne out of the social events, situations, or landscapes in the past, become subjects of mystification. Such are the views or perspectives of John Berger on art, particularly on Franz Hals’ portraits, the â€Å"Regents of the Old Men’s Alms House† and the â€Å"Regentesses of the Old Men’s House† (1580-1666) – that the social construct from which the se works were created are mystified because of its incongruity to modern times.Berger, a seasoned art critique, presented a complex yet analytical perspective on the works of Hals, focusing on their being representative of history and how they are inevitably mystified not only by our perspectives as inhabitants of the modern day world but also Hals’, in his own words, oversimplification of what the portraits truly imply.Moreover, because of Berger’s analysis and personal critiques on the work of Hals, we as viewers of the visual text, begin to understand that the portraits are not merely images that represent superficial artistic and social elements such as unity and harmony, the ideas formed from observing facial expressions, gestures, and such.Furthermore, Hals’ works of art are snapshots of the social and economic situations that the artist, the regents and the regentesses found themselves in.The portraits seem to capture the kind of relationship that exists between the artist and the subjects of art, expressing something more – a drama that represents a historical landscape that is shared by Hals and his subjects within a social environment that was illuminated and solidified by large gaps among social groups or classes – brought to life by Hals’ artistry and ingà ©nue in translating emotions and perspectives to visual arts.The analytical perspectives of Berger as explored in his interpretations of Hals’ portraits shall be utilized to describe the messages or arguments evident in a portrait taken of the actor/rapper Chris â€Å"Ludacris† Bridges. In order to do so, it is highly significant to go over Berger’s perceptions or points of view on viewing art, particularly of Hals’ portraits, by creating a framework from which the visual analysis of the Ludacris’ portrait shall be based on.According to Berger, the act of viewing pieces of art may be done in various ways depending on: a ) one’s perspective, b) the artists’ perspective, c) other people’s perspectives, d) the social, economic, or political situations within which the piece of art was conceptualized, and e) the present social, economic, or political situations completing a shared link between the past and the present.Moreover, Berger stressed that it is equally important that in order to understand the genuine sense or value of pieces of art, that viewers look or interpret them beyond their personal perspectives and the pictorial nature of the portrait.Viewing art should not adhere to convention of perspectives that was existent during the Renaissance because it limits the span of pieces of art to convey deeper and comprehensive meanings. The convention of perspectives isolates what the viewer might all-inclusively learn cognitively, emotionally or psychologically, socially, spiritually and such.Therefore, reading or interpreting visual texts should be a combination of one’ s perspectives as they relate to the artists’ and other people’s perspectives, and the connections between the social, economic, and political situations from past to present. Human beings should also be aware that they are represented by and connected to art, as art is also able to view the viewer because of shared visual perspectives.The key to analyzing Ludacris’ portrait is to view it radically, if we are to align ourselves with Berger’s ideologies and perspectives. Ludacris’ portrait, being an image intended to represent remarkable style to signify celebrity-like success, borders on deception and absurdity.The explicit message that the artist photographer Robert Maxwell intended to express was associated with the vision of Moà «t & Chandon; and that is, how adapting elegant, stylish, and distinctive fashion may be translated to remarkableness and success in the limelight that are consequently significant causes for celebration This argument i s solidified by the nature of the camera – a narrow and limited perspective of things and situations – utilized by Maxwell in order to represent a specific idea or though restricted by the visualizations or representations of Moà «t & Chandon, an well-known international producer of champagne that embodies conceptions of â€Å"splendour, pleasure, and prestige.† (Moà «t & Chandon)

Personal Computers Essay

Background. The Personal Computers at their advent were simple machines with less number of parts and limited capabilities. Less power was required to operate the computers and computer heating was never a major problem. However with the development in microprocessor and solid state technologies there was a revolution in how people used computers. The computers today can be configured according to ones needs and many add on components like graphics cards, Modems, USB devices etc. can be fitted on computers . Motherboards today also come with an increased number of components. However with the increase in components a new problem of heating has surfaced in computers. Problems and Motivation Although these components have increased the functionality of computers tremendously it has raised a serious problem of heating. With the increase in number of components the demand for power supply has increased. The components consume more energy and generate large amount heat. Electronic devices perform inefficiently or even get damaged as a result of excessive heat. Hence new challenges to protect these components from getting damaged by proper cooling of heat has emerged. Though the components have increased in numbers the size of PCs has kept reducing. People today prefer smaller PCs for space constraints and aesthetics. In order to keep in line with the reducing sizes the Power supply and the cooling system should also go transformation in sizes. One needs to design cooling systems with greater performances yet at a reduced scale. As the power supply and cooling are the components of PC case there is a need to renovate these cases to protect computer components from getting overheated and damaged. At the same time the it should be scaled down and match the aesthetics of other parts such as monitors, keyboards etc which come in designer shapes today. Research Aims and Objectives With reference to the above discussed problem there is a need to develop PC cases which are responsible for computer cooling. The aim of the project is to create simulation in order to find a better solution over the existing PC Cases and prevent spreading of heat to other components. The project will achieve three main objectives The initial objective would be to understand the principle of fluid dynamics and apply it to the PC Case problem. Secondly we will design a model to convert humid air by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) The final objective would be to provide recommendations for the PC Case. Literature Review The preliminary literature was done on the existing problems in PC Cases and the sources of heat in computer system . The current methodologies implemented for cooling were also studied. Basic literature on application of fluid dynamics and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to solve problems was also reviewed Methodology The Research will be experimental in nature. simulation model of the existing PC Cases will be developed in CFD. The models will be simulated again with modification for the proposed air cooling. The comparison between the two simulation will help in developing the cooling system and designing of the PC Cases. The results obtained will be experimental in nature and the problem is achievable theoretically with the help of CFD. As the project intends to suggest changes over the existing models the use of Simulation is justified to obtain outcomes as the existing systems are already simulated for cooling by making use of CFD. Triangulation: Mathematical models for the fluid dynamics of air can be constructed and solved for various conditions and the outcomes of these can be cross examined with the that of computer simulations. An experimental set-up can be created to check the prototype of cooling system and the results can be compared. Reliability : The prototype and the simulated models can be tested over a number of systems/components from different manufacturers and checked for reliability. Ethics: The project will adhere to all the guidelines and protocols of electronic manufacturing devices in terms of manufacturing, quality and safety. Environment : The proposed PC cases will be environment friendly. It may be manufactured from environmental friendly recycled materials to reducing global warming. Noise reduction will be achieved considerably with the improved change in design. Analysis The outcomes of the project will help in analyzing the reduction achieved in heat generated and the prevention of components. It will also analyze the cost of implementation and its economic feasibility. Conclusion With correct implementation of fluid dynamics modification in the existing PC cases can be achieved to cool heat efficiently and prevent components from overheating. Although the project is experimental in nature and relies mainly on simulation there may be a variation in its actual implementations. Whether the PC Cases behave as recommended can only be judged only by their practical application the project can be a strong foundation to extend this future scope.

A discussion of homicide

A discussion of homicide Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . A discussion of homicide Under the facts of the scenario, Vincent had died and this would warrant a discussion of homicide. The actus reus of homicide is the unlawful killing of another. It would be unlikely that the parties concerned would be liable for murder as it seems they do not have requisite mens rea of malice aforethought for the offence. Criminal Liability Of Flavia. If Flavia is charged with constructive manslaughter, the prosecution would have to show an unlawful act which is also dangerous, caused the death of Vincent. The prosecution would be likely to rely on s23 Offences Against the Persons Act 1861 where the unlawful act is administering a noxious thing; which was successfully argued in Cato. Previous case law on manslaughter and drug supply cases has been far from consistent, but the House of Lords (HL) decision of Kennedy (No 2) was held by Ormerod as a ‘most welcomed conclusion’ to the drug-supply case law. In the case it was stated that where a vi ctim of a sound mind injected himself as a result of ‘free, voluntary and informed decision’ this would break the chain of causation. In the scenario it is stated that ‘Vincent injects himself’, we can safely assume that Flavia had not administered the injection directly and it was a ‘free, voluntary and informed decision’ made by Vincent which breaks the chain of causation. It must also be presumed that factors such as age, mental conditions or improper pressure have not affected the decision of Vincent to self-inject, if they had, Flavia could be liable; which is more likely as he is at a party. If Vincent was an addict, Clarkson would question whether taking drugs would be ‘free and voluntary’. In Kennedy (No 2) it was stated that, in relation to the scenario, that the ‘act of supplying the drugs by [Flavia], without more, could not harm [Vincent] in any psychical way, let alone cause his death’. HL did not rule out scenario where two people are ‘acting together’. This left open a ‘narrow circumstances’ which Flavia would be liable for death of Vincent, apart from where there is direct injection to the deceased. In the scenario, Flavia used her belt as tourniquet to lift a vein and this was similar to the case of Rogers (where the defendant was convicted). But this was specifically stated as ‘wrongly decided’ by Lord Bingham and we can assume that this would not amount to ‘acting together’. Additionally Kennedy (No 2) also stated; preparation and handing the syringe to victim will not constitute ‘acting together’ to give rise to liability for the death of Vincent. Lord Bingham stated ‘nothing in this opinion should be understood as applying to manslaughter caused by negligence’. Therefore we may be able to argue that Flavia is liable for gross negligence manslaughter for the death of Vincent. It is more likely that F lavia would be charged with gross negligence manslaughter, prosecution would have to prove the criteria laid down by Lord Mackay in the case of Adamako (which applies to all gross negligence cases). It would first of all need to be established that the defendant owed a duty of care to victim and the defendant breached that duty of care and this caused the death of Vincent. The breach of duty must be characterised as grossly negligent to constitute a crime; a matter for the jury to decide on.

Critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of using customer Essay

Critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of using customer focused interactions as a basis to standardise and improve business operations - Essay Example Focusing on precision and customer service accelerates the transformation process. British Telecom chose not to rely on such systems to solve its immediate problem. British Telecom saw a dramatic expansion in the number of services offered to its customers. Additional revenues from these services and related ventures have been sufficient to justify further investments of more than five billion dollars in second-generation packet switching, terminal technology, and support systems. (Johnson and Clark, 2001, 115-120) While new business units may become the principal vehicles for growth, the existing core business can also be redefined from within. New capabilities cannot only alter how the original business is conducted, but can alter the nature of the business itself. British Telecoms business focus a decade ago was voice transmission (Fraser, Shobrys & Kruse, 2003, 10-13); today it has a much broader scope of activities and services. Not all companies choose to spawn new businesses (Johnson and Clark, 2001, 115-120). New information processing capabilities can be viewed as central to the success of a traditional business and treated as a proprietary asset to be kept closely guarded in the inner sanctum of the enterprise. Yet even in such cases, those new core competencies will drive redefinition and transformation of the traditional business from within. In this way, successful customer interaction efforts ultimately lead to business transformation. (Slack, 2001, 1100-1121) â€Å"Quality management approaches can be categorized broadly into three stages according to the evolution of management control. Management can implement control before an activity commences, while the activity occurs, or after the activity has been completed.† (Hsieh, Chang & Lu, 2000, 191–201) For example, British Telecom might have chosen to address its directory services crisis with a limited solution that automated operator database access and audio response--the type

Formal analysis of Grey Lines with Black, Blue and Yellow Assignment

Formal analysis of Grey Lines with Black, Blue and Yellow - Assignment Example During this period, at was taken as a tool that would only talk about social issues and not political. Photos that were taken during this period were of celebration as the French Republic was now going to detach itself from the Britain rule and was going to start a new life. This photo seems to emphasize the significance of social responsibility that lead to equality. It is full of life and it is able to relish the remarkable sensations that life brings, the different line in the photo can be used to represent the fact that everybody should live life vividly and pass each stage with fulfilment. It can be related to this period as it portrays a symbol of hope as people move from the darkness towards light. The photo can be compared to the two as it is able to invite a number of interpretations. As opposed to the two, the photo can be used to project equality. The first photo shows some form of courage as the aeroplane is able to fly over a body of water which people are always afraid of. This can be compared to the photo that we are analyzing as the inside it is dark at the centre but the outside parts are bright. The second photo tries to show the presence of life across the road. This is an indication that one can achieve his goal only after a struggle. The color used in the two pictures is dark as opposed to the bright ones used in the photo being analyzed. The texture of the two photos seems to be rough while the one being analyzed is smooth. This artwork has been used to show meaning. It has been used to show creativity and is a symbol of appreciation. It can be used as a medium to pass a message depending on how the person interprets it. It is a picture that is communicating to us but without words or a voice. From this photo, it is evident that the artist was in a joyful state and that is why he used bright colors. The museum is most likely going to choose this piece because of the message that it is