Harold and the Purple Crayon Lesson Plan

Grade: Approximately Fourth GradeSubject: Language ArtsLesson Title: Harold and the Purple Crayon Lesson Plan Materials and Resources Needed Harold and the Purple Crayon by Crockett JohnsonPurple crayonLarge sheets of paper Reading Strategies Used Sketch-to-StretchVisualizingRetelling Overview and Purpose Students will use the reading strategy Sketch-to-Stretch to develop concepts, summarize information heard and retell the story through drawing.The purpose of this activity is to gain listening comprehension skills. Educational Standards Students will read, write, listen and speak for literary response and expression.Students will read, write, listen and speak for critical analysis and evaluation. Objectives and Goals Present personal responses to literature that make reference to characters, plot, and theme.Create a story using elements in literature.To motivate children to ask them if they like to draw.Then ask, when you listen to a story how many of you close your eyes and picture what is happening? Then have them close their eyes and try and picture a horse next to a barn. Once they open their eyes ask them what they saw, what color was the horse? What color was the barn?Go around the room and show the children how each person imagined something different.Tell the children that they will be using their imagination when you read a story to them.Introduce the book, Harold and Purple Crayon by, Crockett Johnson.Tell the students that will have to listen carefully to the story that is going to be read because they will be drawing what they hear.Tell the students they will be using their ears to listen and their hands to draw what the character Harold is drawing in the story.Ask the students what t ypes of things do they think they will be drawing?Ask students, do you think everyone will have the same drawing as everyone else? Why? Why not?Arrange for students to find a spot on the floor where they will have a lot of room to draw.Ask students where they should start drawing on their paper once the book begins. What part of the paper, where you draw next when you come to the end of the paper, etc.Retell the name of the book and begin reading.Stop a few times at the beginning of the book and ask what they are drawing. Do this so they understand what they should be doing.To end the lesson, have the students place their drawings at their desks and then have them walk around the room to view everyones pictures.Share and compare their drawings.Have students come up and retell the story through their drawing.Ask questions to compare such as, What did Brady draw in this picture that Hudson left out?Have the students observe how each child has their own perception of what happened in t he story.Assess quality texts using accuracy, objectivity, and understanding of the book. Independent Activity: For homework have each student draw a picture of their favorite part of the story using only their memory. Verification and Assessment You can verify your objectives by looking at the drawings from class and their homework assignments. Also: Compared drawings with one anotherOrally shared their opinion when retelling the story through the drawingDrew a picture of what they thought happened in the book by using elements in the story

Essay about Describing Dunkirk - 3911 Words

Describing Dunkirk On the 20th May 1940the allied troops were trapped by the Germans on the Northern coast of France. The allies consisted of the British Expeditionary Force (B.E.F), the Belgian Army and the ten best divisions of the French Army. It was on this day that Churchill gave the command for the evacuation to take place, to Britain by ship, following advice from Lord Gort (leader of the B.E.F). Rommel was advancing from the north and Degaudier from the south trapping the troops. The evacuation was organised by Admiral Ramsey and codenamed Operation Dynamo with the main objective to rescue as much of the B.E.F as possible. This evacuation began on May 27th from the beaches of Dunkirk.†¦show more content†¦An important factor in arguing Dunkirk as a defeat is that 68,111 men from the B.E.F were killed, wounded or taken prisoner during the evacuation. The cost of replacing the B.E.Fs equipment would be astronomical for the government and for their part in the evacuation the Navy suffe red 243 ships sunken (including 6 important British destroyers with 19 left damaged) and the RAF lost 474 aircraft. Source 3 supports the view of Dunkirk as a British military defeat. It is a photographic source showing Dunkirk after the evacuation displaying a deserted beach littered with equipment, corpses and debris. Off the shore are broken half sunken ships with those that have become beached, one possibly a military boat and also many smaller vessels. The photograph of the dead soldiers shows military defeat as the objective was to rescue the B.E.F and would be very demoralising for the British public. The large boat could belong to the navy and would be very valuable, loss of this would be very expensive, along with the rest of the abandoned equipment. The source seems reliable as it is first hand primary evidence. It is useful for showing defeat as it displays what it looked like at Dunkirk after the evacuation. Its also backs up my own knowledge as the B.E.F lost 68,111 men and you would expect bodies on the beaches whereShow MoreRelatedDescribing Dunkirk2997 Words   |  12 PagesDescribing Dunkirk From what I have learned about Dunkirk, it is possible to say that it could have been seen as a victory and also a defeat for the British. When the Second World War first began in September 1939 Germany had started to invade Poland and as a result of this France and Britain joined in an alliance and declared war on Germany. By the 10th May 1940 Germany had begun their invasion of France using the Blitzkrieg Method. On the 20th May Germany hadRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Winston Churchills Speech866 Words   |  4 PagesBelgium surrendered to the Nazis, stranding numerous French and British troops at Dunkirk and neighboring beaches in France, fully exposed to the advance of the Nazi war machine. With the ocean as their only feasible direction of retreat, the Navy organized all its resources to pull the men out from Dunkirk over the English Channel and bring them back to safety in England. The operation, later named the Evacuation of Dunkirk, brought home over 338,000 Allied soldiers with a quickly assembled fleet ofRead Morehistory dunkirk coursework2121 Words   |  9 PagesSome people have the view that the events at Dunkirk in 1940 deserve to be remembered as a triumph for Britain and its people. How far do the sources support or contradict this view? May 1940. Germany had attacked France, Belgium and Holland. Within six weeks all three countries had surrendered. Germany’s success lay at the feet of a new and successful war technique: Blitzkrieg. This was the fast and overwhelmingly successful invasion of a country using tanks, air craft, artillery and infantry allRead MoreAnalysis Of Atonement By The Novel Atonement Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagespaper, â€Å"Ërotometer : A Technique For The Measurement Of Heterosexual Love ,† Bardis objectifies love, â€Å" On the basis of countless statements found in books, journals, and newspapers in various fields, the author secured approximately 500 items describing miscellaneous aspects of heterosexual love†¦. editing and pre testing resulted in 82 statements which seemed to be superior to those rejected.† by listing out important factors and behaviors that are commonly required in a romantic relationship.Read MoreThe Castelia City Times Analysis1189 Words   |  5 Pages2014 Forest Hills Drive. Specifically, the songs Wet Dreamz and A Tale of Two Citiez. So, Im going to recommend taking a listen to Wet Dreamz first and then reading my analysis on it... we good? Good. Lets begin. Wet Dreamz is a song basically describing how Cole lost his virginity, taking us back through his version of memory lane and nostalgia drive to do some storytelling in rap. While this is nothing new, its been damn near perfected by artists such as Eminem, Nas, Tupac, B.I.G., and funnilyRead MoreThe Effect of World War II on the Lives of People at Home Essay5431 Words   |  22 Pagesthe war that the world collectively lost more in than any other through out history. Not surprisingly it was proclaimed to be ‘ the war to end all wars’. In my essay I will be discussing and evaluating how the turning points of Dunkirk, battle of Britain, battle of the Atlantic and D-day affected the British home front. I will also go into more detail on the subjects of evacuation, rationing and women’s role. I will justify my statements by analysing and evaluating sourcesRead MoreHitler s A Study Of Tyranny5435 Words   |  22 Pagesterritorial objectives laid solely in the east and that the eventual wars in the west, conquering of France and the Low Countries, were a necessity which preceded his expansion east. In describing the way Hitler went about his foreign policy searching for allies, Bullock puts the time period in an historic context by describing Britain’s tendencies since the Napoleonic wars and German historical attitudes. Before such territorial expansion could take place, the treaty of Versailles and its restrictionsRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesthemselves a kind of popularity are always a tale of disasters and retreats. There is no popular poem about Trafalgar or Waterloo, for instance. Sir John Moore s army at Corunna, fighting a desperate rearguard action before escaping overseas (just like Dunkirk!) has more appeal than a brilliant victory. The most stirring battle-poem in English is about a brigade of cavalry which charged in the wrong direction. And of the last war, the four names which have really engraved themselves on the popular memoryRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pageshad gotten sick.12 It was thought that the contamination came from bottling plants in Antwerp, Ghent, and from the Dunkirk plant that produced cans for the Belgium market. European newspapers were speculating that Coke cans were contaminated with rat poison. Soon hundreds of sick people in France were blaming their illnesses on Coke, and France banned products from the Dunkirk plant. France and Belgium rebuffed Coca-Cola’s urgent efforts to lift the ban, and scolded the company for not supplyingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagessupported it, and while Rommel executed it brilliantly, fears that the armored spearhead might be severed from the flanks prompted a delay to regroup that cost the Germans the capture of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) before it escaped at Dunkirk.50 Once accomplished, however, German planners then arrogantly assumed that the German war machine could replicate this successful mode of warfare even in the more primitive logistical conditions of the great expanse of the Soviet Union. With

Who was a better leader, Joseph Smith or Brigham Young Free Essays

string(25) " and Young was governor\." Joseph Smith was an important religious figure who founded Mormonism. He was faithful, driven, and a strong speaker, but was easily tempered. Joseph Smith had his great contributions and failures, and after his death the new Mormon leader became Brigham Young, who also made great contributions to the Mormon movement, but just as Joseph Smith he had his failures. We will write a custom essay sample on Who was a better leader, Joseph Smith or Brigham Young? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Joseph Smith was born in 1805. While Smith was growing up, there was a great religious revival taking place in New York State. When he was fourteen, Smith was finding this very confusing, and began to pray for guidance. Smith then claimed that a pillar of light appeared before him, and told him not to join any religious sects. Later as he was growing up, Smith experienced a vision from the angel Moroni, who told him that God had work for him to accomplish. The angel told Smith that a book written upon gold plates was deposited. The book gave accounts of former inhabitants of this continent and their source. The angel then told Smith where to find the book, and he dug it up on a hillside near Manchester. The book gave a different story from the Bible. According to the book, lost Israeli tribes migrated to America before the birth of Christ. There they fought each other until Christ was born and established his Church. Then the fighting began again, and one of the survivors, Mormon, wrote down records of his people on the plates. The person who found these plates was to restore the Church of Christ in America. Smith wouldn’t let anyone check the plates to check his honesty, and said he had returned them to the hillside. Smith then published a translation of the plates in 1830. Smith started with just five followers, but his speaking and persuasions kills were very strong, and by the end of 1830 he had several hundred followers. However they were very unpopular in New York State because people claimed that Smith was only trying to make money and his book was offensive. His house was attacked and followers were shot in the streets. Smith then prayed for guidance, he took his followers Kirtland, Ohio. There he planned to set up a City of God. In Kirtland, the Mormon movement flourished greatly, reaching a thousand followers by 1831. They even founded colonies in Missouri. They worked very hard and soon had a store, bank, printing press and a mill. They soon outnumbered the non-Mormons. However their success increased the envy and hatred of the others. Very unfortunately for the Mormons, in 1837 there was a economic crisis, making many banks collapse. Many non-Mormons had put their savings into the Mormon bank, and when it collapsed, they were chased out of Kirtland. The Mormons and their leader, Joseph Smith, then went to the colonies they had set up in Missouri, but this didn’t increase their popularity. Attempts were made to stop them from voting, and the local settlers destroyed property. When the government sent in troops to make order, the Mormons were blamed for everything, put in prison, and condemned to death. Then rumours began to go around that they were freeing slaves and upsetting Indians, making the government declare them as public enemies. In 1838 the Mormons were released from prison, they went to a very small town of Commerce in Illinois, which Smith renamed Nauvoo. The Mormons were allowed to develop it into and independent city state. They prospered cooperatively, and in 1844 Nauvoo was the biggest city in Illinois, dominated by the giant temple. The Mormons, now at 35,000 were trying to create an ideal society with no poor, homeless, smoking or drinking. Many of the poor converted, promised salvation. The Mormons were finally settled. However this was ruined by Smith’s serious mistakes. He said that the idea of polygamy was right, leading to many Mormons calling him false, and a lot of criticism in the newspapers. This angered Smith and he destroyed the presses of the newspaper. His critics then asked for him to be arrested, and he was put into jail in Carthage. Once the news about polygamy spread to the non-Mormons, they were enrages. They shot Smith in the prison, and Mormons were hunted down by mobs. After the death of Joseph Smith, the new leader of the Mormons became Brigham Young. He decided that the Mormons would leave to the Great Salt Lake in 1846. Young was very organized and down-to earth, and very determined. He also married eight of Smith’s former wives, so he was very considerate. Preparations took all winter, and then the Mormons finally began their journey. They passed many dangers even though the journey was well organized, such as the prairie weather and plague that killed hundreds of people. On their way to the Great Salt Lake, they met Jim Bridger, a mountain man who warned them that it would be too cold for growing corn, but was ignored. They also passed Sam Brannan, a Mormon who told them to go to California. Young replied that he is looking for a desolate place. They climbed on upwards, and by July they reached the Great Salt Lake. Young had total control over his community; they trusted and believed in him, and so although he had many challenges to overcome, he knew he’d be able to build a Mormon City. Young decided that there would be no private ownership of land or water, and land would be assigned to people according to their needs by the church. Everything was going well, but in 1848 the US defeated Mexico in war and gained territories including part of the Great Salt Lake. Young decided to form a Mormon state called Deseret, but the US government refused and a compromise was made and the territory of Utah was created, and Young was governor. You read "Who was a better leader, Joseph Smith or Brigham Young?" in category "Papers" Young organized and developed Utah very well, building new towns and making farming and wheat production a success. He was sure that the Mormons would be self-sufficient. Young also sent out missionaries to convert people, and got an amazing result. There was an immigration fund set up to help converts pay for their passage to Salt Lake and organize it. However the Mormons weren’t very self-sufficient and still didn’t have enough workers or money for industrial development. Education wasn’t much of an achievement either. Tension also grew between the Mormons and the outsiders when converts began to move to Utah. Many bad rumours spread about the Mormons. It was suspicious to the outsiders that the Mormons had converted some of the Indians, and so rumours spread that they were planning to kill all gentiles together. The US government decided to emphasize their authority, and in 1857 an army of 2500 men was sent out to march against the Mormons, who fled to Salt Lake City. This worked very well and the army ended up not reaching Salt Lake City. Then the Mountain Meadow Massacre took place. As 140 emigrants were heading for California, they passed Utah. They abused Indian converts and insulted the Mormons. This provoked the Indians to attack them. The Indians and the Mormons killed all the emigrants to stop the news from spreading out. The Mormons then blamed everything on the Indians. But soon newspapers spread the story, begging for the Mormons to be punished. The US government sent troops out again, causing the Mormon families to flee. But when the news reached the East, the Mormons were suddenly turned into victims. In 1858 the US government offered them a full forgiveness if they accepted the US authority. They agreed, a governor was appointed, and they were allowed to develop in peace. Their true leader was still Brigham Young. However polygamy was still a disagreement. When Utah applied to become a state, the US offered to let them become a state if they accepted the ban of polygamy. They agreed, and Utah was made a state in 1896. Both of the men faced challenges, found solutions, and left a positive impact on the Mormon movement. Joseph Smith was very driven and determined and wouldn’t accept defeat. He was a great public speaker with a lot of charisma, and thereby converted many people into Mormonism. He was a business man and established banks. Smith was very intelligent because he created a thriving business and a new religion. He was also a great leader before he was jailed. He was also clever to establish colonies in Missouri, to which the Mormons fled out of Kirtland. Brigham Young managed to leave a very positive impact on the Mormon movement as well. He was a great leader, and his people believed in him and trusted him. He was very organized and more down to earth than Smith. He managed to organize the long and difficult journey to the Great Salt Lake. When they faced cold weather in the winter, he arranged the winter quarters where they stayed. He also had total control over his community and established a thriving city in the Great Salt Lake. He developed a great law of land being given to people according to their needs. He also negotiated well with the US government, eventually receiving the land of Utah. His missionaries to convert people were a big success, and he built new towns in Utah, as well as making faming and wheat-production a success. He also established a great immigration fund for immigrant converts. He made a right and down-to earth decision when he accepted anti-polygamy, finally making Utah a State. He was also very considerate; he had the answers to the Mormons’ problems, carried them through after the death of smith, and married all of Smith’s wives. He left a long-time impact, and after his death Salt Lake City was prosperous, the power of the Church was finally established through his system of government, and many of his foundations still remain today. Both of the Mormon leaders also had failures. Joseph Smith’s strong temper got him into jail twice. He was also too ambitious, and his ideas of polygamy ruined the Mormons’ peace in the land they were finally free in. When his banks collapsed, this added tension to the Mormons’ relationship with the outside world even more, and made them seem unreliable and too ambitious. By the time he presented his ideas about polygamy, his people didn’t believe in him anymore because he had gotten them into jail, and so his leadership image was ruined. Brigham Young had failures as well. Although his planning for the Great Salt Lake journey was good, they still faced challenges and people died on the way. He also didn’t manage to establish a law to allow polygamy. They also weren’t as self-sufficient as he planned, and they lost money when their iron, pottery and textile attempts didn’t succeed. They also didn’t achieve much in the education area. The emigrants also complained of overcharging, and relations between Mormons and the outsiders remained difficult. Overall, Brigham Young definitely left a bigger positive impact on the Mormon movement. He was much more down-to-earth than Smith, and his people remained believing in him until his death. Even when Utah was appointed a new governor, he still remained their spiritual leader. Young managed to make Utah a state where Mormons continued to live after his death. Many of his foundations still remain today. The power of the Church was firmly established through his system of government, and Salt Lake City was prosperous after his death. Many Mormons remain in the world today. Young didn’t get the Mormons into jail or disappoint them like Smith did, and carried them through his death. Smith had minimal achievements compared to Young, and died in shame and disapproval unlike Young, who left a great impact after his death. How to cite Who was a better leader, Joseph Smith or Brigham Young?, Papers

Night of the Living Dead free essay sample

Elliot Stein of  The Village Voice  saw the film as an ardent critique of American involvement in  Vietnam, arguing that it was not set in  Transylvania, but Pennsylvania — this was  Middle America  at war, and the zombie carnage seemed a grotesque echo of the conflict then raging inVietnam Pauline Kael,  5001 Nights at the Movies  (Henry Holt and Company, 1991 Elliot Stein, The Dead Zones: George A. Romero at the American Museum of the Moving Image,  The Village Voice(New York), January 8–14, 2003 http://www. filmsite. org/posters/psyc2. jpghttp://www. filmsite. rg/reddot. gif  Alfred Hitchcocks powerful, complex psychological thriller,  Psycho  (1960) is the mother of all modern horror suspense films it single-handedly ushered in an era of inferior screen slashers with blood-letting and graphic, shocking killings The master of suspense skillfully manipulates and guides the audience into identifying with the main character, luckless victim Mari on (a Phoenix real-estate secretary), and then with that characters murderer a crazy and timid taxidermist named Norman (a brilliant typecasting performance by Anthony Perkins). We will write a custom essay sample on Night of the Living Dead or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hitchcocks techniques voyeuristically implicate the audience with the universal, dark evil forces and secrets present in the film. Psycho  also broke all film conventions by displaying its leading female protagonist having a lunchtime affair in her sexy white undergarments in the first scene; also by photographing a toilet bowl and flush in a bathroom (a first in an American film), and killing off its major star Janet Leigh a third of the way into the film . Film reviews, for instance, will sometimes take up political or sociological concerns in the course of issuing formal-aesthetic judgments. Night of the Living Deaddramatizes the bewildering and uncanny transformation of human beings into non-human forms. Indeed, like all metamorphosis narratives, the film carries uncomfortable messages about identity — about what it means to be a human being and about the terror of alienation. The films power to unsettle its audience also derives from its focus on the taboo subject of cannibalism (which it depicts far more graphically than previous zombie films). In the eighteenth century, the English ironist Jonathan Swift (1996) wroteA Modest Proposal,a darkly satirical attack on the privations suffered by the Irish people at the hands of the English in which the author ironically proposed that infants be killed and eaten in order to solve the problem of poverty in Ireland. Night of the Living Deadalso uses cannibalism as a metaphor for exploitative power relations. Thus, while it deals with a quite different set of social problems, Romeros film can also be seen a sinister satire that exploits an outrageous premise in the interests of social and political critique. In his book  Understanding Popular Culture,  John Fiske writes: It is not violence per se that characterises popular culture, but only that violence whose structure makes it into a metaphor for the distribution of power in society. Fiske, 1989: 137) According to Fiske, then, violence is a metaphor for inequitable (and presumably unjust) power relations in society. It is important, however, to understand this point in historical context. Violence became more commonly depicted in films and on television in the late 1960s, during a socially turbulent period when social hierarchies were being challenged   Night of the Living Dead  draws on Alfred Hitchcocks  Psycho  (1960), especially in its film craft: the use of shadow and camera angles. Night of the Living Dead  (and, indeed, its worthy equels) reminds us of something that the recent outbreak of zombie films may have caused us to forget: the oppositional potential of popular culture. In this sense, the film is an undead classic that can still tell us something about who we are — and warn us about what we might turn into. Waller, Gregory A. (1986),  The Living and the Undead  (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press) Swift, Jonathan (1996),  A Modest Proposal and other Satirical Works  (New York: Dover) like most genre movies, reflect the values and ideology of the culture that produced them. Don Siegels  Invasion of the Body Snatchers  (1956), for example, about an invasion of alien seed-pods that replace people with emotional replicas, is typically discussed in relation to American contemporary culture in the 1950s. Unlike earlier horror films,  Invasion of the Body Snatchers  imagines infection on an apocalyptic rather than personal scale, as in the vampire myth, a clear reflection of Cold War fears of nuclear destruction. But even as Americans felt threatened by possible nuclear war and Communist infiltration, the film also expresses a fear of creeping conformism at home. Invasion  makes the commonplace seem creepy, and in the climax a mob of plain-looking townsfolk pursue Miles and Becky out of town in a horrific evocation of the kind of witch-hunting mentality witnessed in the United States just a few years before the films releaseRead more:  Critical debates Horror Films actor, children, cinema  http://www. filmreference. com/encyclopedia/Criticism-Ideology/Horror-Films-CRITICAL-DEBATES. html#ixzz1qab4D5B2

ada Essays - Ethnic Groups In Thailand, Myanmar, Republics

Our Country, the Union of Myanmar, is known as the land of golden pagodas. Myanmar is surrounded by big countries like China in the north and India and Bengladish to the west. Thailand and laos lie to the east of Myanmar and the south is the east of Myanmar and the south is the sea. Its area is about 676553 square kilometers, and it is the second largest country in Southeast Asia after Indonesia. Although it is still a developing country, we can say it has good neighbours, great resources and beautiful natural surroundings. And, Myanmar is divided into seven states and seven divisions. There are althogether 135 ethnic groups, like Kachin, Kayar, Kayin, Chin, Bamar, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Palaung, Paoh and different races like Chinese and Indians, living in unity.

cheese essays

cheese essays Introduction to Child Health Systems The American Health Care system has prided itself on providing high quality services to the citizens who normally cannot afford them, although lately the costs have been rising. I am currently under Keystone Health Plan East. This Plan is a heath maintenance organization (HMO). The plan requires specific physicians, hospitals, and other providers that contracts with Keystone. These Plan providers coordinate my health care services. The plan is solely responsible for the selection of these providers in my area. HMOs emphasize preventive care such as routine office visits, physical exams, well-baby care, and immunizations, in addition to treatment for illness and injury. All the providers follow generally accepted medical practice. Since I am under my fathers coverage eighty percent is paid by his employer. A premium must be paid of twenty percent. He is the Deputy Director Manager of SEPTA (South Eastern Public Transportation Authority). I am covered under his plan because I am still a college student. When choosing a primary physician we have a choice of approximately two thousand six hundred and eleven physicians. Overall, there are roughly nine thousand and seven hundred specialists. If I were to go in for a routine examination, I would be charged nothing as long as it is once a year. I would be charged fifteen dollars for an emergency room visit. A medical emergency is the sudden and unexpected onset of a condition or an injury that you believe endangers your life or could result in serious injury or disability, and requires immediate medical or surgical care. Some problems are emergencies because, if not treated promptly, they might become more serious; examples include deep cuts and broken bones. Others are emergencies because they are potentially life threatening, such ...

Critical analysis paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Critical analysis paper - Assignment Example n of this is an extremely dynamic system of world politics that triggers massive changes for every little disturbance in virtually all sectors (Howarth 78). Referring to world politics, the recent past has seen a handful of events that is already shaping international perspectives. The Arab Spring is a key event that spurred an entire revolution in the Arab world. The Spring saw demonstrations and protests to the authorities that eventually necessitated some of them to relinquish power. Violence escalated, and the public outcry for a change in regime and system of governance could not be ignored. Quite evidently, the discomfort occasioned to the authorities as a consequence of the Arab Spring may have been hard to ignore, but again, it is not like they had any choice. A case in point is the Libyan dictator Gaddafi, who tried to ignore the revolutionary wave and was dislodged from power in very unceremonious circumstances. In a similar vein, Egypt’s Hosni Mubarak found himself facing a revolt in what came to be known as the Egyptian revolution of 2011. He however gave in to pressure and quit power. The aggressive nature of Egyptians resurfaced in 2013 when they staged protests against the then president as a result of discontent with the administration. Elections held in 2014 were touted as the most democratic in the recent past for a nation known for political instability. The current president won with a resounding 97% of the votes cast. Definitely from this figures, one can unearth a trend of dislodging individuals who are more inclined towards tyrant behavior from power, and vesting leadership rights upon those that appear to represent their wishes and aspirations fully. A sharp contrast to the above two scenarios is seen when evaluating the US and European elections. The European and U.S elections were marred with little violence, and it was more of a peaceful transition. The prevalence of peace, however, was a consequence of free and fair elections in

Diversity Day Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Diversity Day Analysis - Essay Example invest in diversity training in order to educate their employees about the different cultures so as to inculcate an appreciation of diversity and to reduce incoherence within the workforce. In the Diversity Day episode of The Office, a diversity training consultant, Mr. Brown arrives at the Dunder-Mifflin Paper Co., Inc in order to educate its staff about diversity and cultural tolerance. The diversity training is necessitated by the imitation of Chris Rock’s comedy routine called ‘Niggas v. Black People’ by Michael, which offends the staff due to its racist joke. This act prompts the corporate management to call for a diversity day seminar in order to teach the staff about racial tolerance. Ironically, after the diversity trainer and consultant, Mr. Brown arrives, Michael seems to steal the center stage when in fact the training was actually meant for him. In the diversity training session, Mr. Brown continuously tries to make an effort to create cultural sensitivity among the staff workers so as to generate a feeling of cultural Enlightment by putting each staff in the shoes of a co-worker with a different race. Here, the purpose is to spark tolerance and appreciation of the diversity present at most workplaces. Mr. Brown means to spur realization of other racial sentiments and hence greater tolerance for other races. A constantly interrupted diversity session that Mr. Brown holds, aims to present an insightful experience for the staff members. His speech talks about the cultural variations and tries to generate a more coherent feeling among the workers going beyond racial stereotypes. Mr. Brown shows much tolerance after Michael says that Mr. Brown really is his name, implying the coherence between Mr. Brown’s name and his African American origins. By displaying tolerance to many of Michael’s racist remarks, he tries to demonstrate how diversity training involves appreciation and recognition of the varied staff workers. In a varied workforce, it is

The growing human population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The growing human population - Essay Example This rate of increase has had a severe impact on the environment. The world most populated country is China with the population of 1.2 billion people. The population of China is expected to double in the next 60 years. This will happen despite China’s government enacting policies of one child per couple. Additionally, the population growth in USA is growing at the rate of 1%, with current population of 270 million, it is estimated that the population will be double in the next 70 years (Pimental 1) Increasing population is attributed to fertility rate, this is evident when developed and developing countries populations are compared. Analysis of developed countries such as in Europe and USA shows that they have less population growth. The study of population growth in the developing countries shows that their population is increasing at alarming rate. This could be attributed to the fact that couples in developed countries are well aware of the cost of large families. Approximately 2 billion of the world populations are malnourished; this number is expected to double in the future. Populous countries like India have the high number of poor people, to add this, food production is a problem, and these are just some of the negative aspects of large

Green supply chain management and logistics

Green supply chain management and logistics It has been rising in alertness of the surrounds in the last little decades. Other persons are attentive of the worlds environmental attempt such as overall temperate, poisonous import meeting, and falling in non-replenish property. The management has out movement to carry this problem to people. A number of organization react to this by relate green values to their rumba company, such as using green friendly raw material, reducing the usage of gasoline power, and using the recycle allow for covering. The green principle was complete to much section within society, including supply chain. Green supply chain management (GSCM) was rising in the last little period. This idea covers every stage in industrialized from the first to the last step of life cycle, i.e. starting product plan to recycle. Not just manufacturing, but GSCM can also be used to other business sector such as management, culture and services. The reason of this file was to describe the crash of green to the supply chain management. It started with the meaning of GSCM to the company in different levels or what factor that power the company to agree the GSCM. This factor can be regard as by different drive such as management, whole market, industry, competitor, and inside the company. Since GSCM can be convenient to a variety of areas within the company, this paper also talks about the performance of GSCM to several areas. In addition, some examples of GSCM submission were recognized to support the commencement. Introduction At the current time, many companies have in progress to accept main attempt just before launch Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) initiatives (Srivastava, 2008; Zhu et al., 2007). The concept of GSCM include green initiative in inbound logistics which counting green purchasing, eco-design, production, outbound logistics which counting reverse logistics. These initiatives engage supplies suppliers, service supplier, vendor, distributors and end users that successful mutually to decrease or get rid of poor green impact of their concert (Vachon and Klassen, 2006). The logistics industry manages the flows of goods, services and in order across consumers and supplier allowing the incorporation of supply chains in which victory in incorporate worldwide supply chains starts with the capacity of firm to move goods across boundaries swiftly, regularly and sensibly. An aggressive and capable logistics sector is central for all economy and is a vital element of do business. So, logistics management plays an important role in GSCM. This is support by Skjoett-Larsen in which he claim that with the fast development of the GSCM, the sense of green organization for the logistics industry has greater than before very much. then, the review done by Capgemini Press discharge show that the greening of the supply chain will have an increasing speak to on in logistics presentation such as network plan, transfer modes used, warehousing, collection of paraphernalia, business process, behaviours and sense of balance. so far, few company swiftness green ability as a make a choice part when choose 3rd celebrations Logistics (3PL) partner in which 46% of respondents thought that the result of supply chain operation on the surroundings was a issue alert when select 3PL (Capgemini Press Release). In order to take produce and services to consumers more environmentally, so, logistics service donor need to talk to extra care on green issue (Murphy and Poist, 2003; Sarkis et al., 2004). For example, United Parcel Service (UPS), a universal logistics service supplier uses route development software and an internet related organization in their logistics service procedure to reduce the release of greenhouse gas as well as to keep oil expenditure (Lin and Ho, 2008). incorporate green innovation into logistics armed is good-looking a significant issue for the logistic urban. Examples of Green Logistics Green transportation: The green transport refers to build up a type of oil with the smallest total pollution as the power to try to put into rehearsal the multi-transportation and part mode. Accurately, repair up the transport can in this way think the litter, inferior the price and lift the part level. Green storage: The green storage space refers to endorsement the urban development in the extension of goods-storing to keep the manpower fee, functioning the environmentally friendly goods to sterilize the storage space goods, receipt the process of centralized-stock to reduce the radicalization to the vicinity and reduce the poor result of the warehousing on the rest. Green packing: The green pack up refers to a type of product pack up that will not cause the green litter. The pack equipment should save the property and decrease the packing dismiss also, it is believed to be used and renew after use as well as live in little ground while bury in tell to be rotten only. Reverse logistics: The reverse logistics is dissimilar to the recognized supply chain, it assign to practically removal or recuperating the price by growth, managing and dominant the raw material, centre stock, final goods and relative in order starting customer put to start directly. Green innovation: The green development refers to recital the improvement such as information and statement knowledge, natural knowledge, monitor technology and a combination of correct technologies in the succession of logistics management. The request of the greater innovation enables the project to get better green management, strongly. However, about to Lin et al. (2009), green innovation is the build up more linked technology with study innovative knowledge by training and educating the employees to suit knowledge employees. These learn but, will only talk to the subject of green innovation in logistics as a centre of this study. It is plan that a green improvement in logistics is a excellent area of study and apply that have the promising to provide imperative income to the firm and the culture. Factors influencing to Introduce Green Supply Management Rapid changes in the business situation, including increased internationalisation and worldwide competition, but also social and environmental trends, such as climate change, population growth and aging, wealth accumulation and distribution, nutrition, health and education, affect companies supply chains in various ways, resulting in new and evolving desires on supply chain design. famous features of chief green supply chains comprise an accent on life cycle appraisal, asset competence, and waste reduction and service innovation and recycling. execute successfully, GrSCM stimulates product and service innovation, improve asset deployment, and deepens customer relationships and service levels through a shared focus on reducing misuse and price. Some examples to show the impact on supply chains Wal-Mart, which in 2005 launch a sweeping business sustainability strategy, recently set the goal of a 5% decrease in packaging by 2013. The retail giant expect the cut in packaging will save 667,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide from incoming the impression. Moreover, the company anticipate $3.4 billion in direct savings and roughly $11 billion in savings diagonally the supply chain; Nestlà © employs an ongoing, company-wide sustainability program that has generate significant environmental and financial profit. The company has apply the plan to its use of product packaging by initiate an incorporated advance that favours source decrease, re-use, recycling, and energy recovery. In exacting, the companys packaging material savings between 1991 and 2006 led to $510 million in savings, worldwide, according to Nestlà ©s corporate website; Heineken committed to reduce fuel and electricity use through its Aware of Energy program. The company said in its 2006 sustainability story that it designed to reduce fuel and electricity costs by 15% between 2002 and 2010. At the time of the Diamond report, Heineken had achieved savings of 6%-even after the achievement of new breweries. Benefit of GSCM Speaking of greening the supply chain, one might think only banning toxic chemical matter usages or reducing release or waste to the situation. However, it is much more than just a plain reducing usage and litter. Accordingly, the profits are not limited only less poisonous consuming or less waste. The GSCM principle can be apply to all departments in the organization. The effect of GSCM expand to all area, both physically and imperceptibly. Some studies mention benefits of adopt GSCM, such as (Stevels, 2002). He established the benefits of GSCM to dissimilar roles of supply chain including environment and society in terms of different categories: material, immaterial, and sensation. For material, GSCM helps lower environmental load for environment, minor cost prices for supplier, lower cost for producer, lower cost of rights for customer, and less consumption of income for society. In terms of irrelevant, GSCM helps overcoming bigotry and doubt for environment, less rejects for supplier, easier to manufacture for producer, expediency and fun for customer, and better agreement for society. For passion, GSCM helps motivation of stakeholder for environment, better figure for supplier and producer, feel good and quality of life for customer, and make industry on the right path for society. He also provides example of company that were successfully adopt GSCM. In (Duber-Smith, 2005), he identified ten reasons that the company should accept the green: aim marketing, sustainability of resources, lowered costs/increased efficiency, product demarcation and competitive benefit, reasonable and supply chain pressures, adapt to directive and reducing risk, brand character, return on asset, employee morale, and the moral necessary. Implementation of Green From product lifecycle idea, the cycle starts at the conniving of product. According to (Srivastara, 2007), literatures connected to green design underline both environmentally mindful design and life cycle assessment. In designing a product, the designing team can alter the raw materials or substances used in the manufacturing to be less poisonous, more environmental gracious. Some terminologies are related to design for green such as design for environment or EcoDesign. An paradigm of green product is cross car. Due to the rising demand and falling amount of fuel, automobile manufacturers needed to redesign the engine that consumes no or less gas. Hybrid car has been initial from day to day. One article about automobile design is (McAuley, 2003), he discuss the green design of automobile, which tend to change to higher lightweight materials and less materials in vehicle design. In designing a product, the manufacturing company needs a high level of support with their suppliers. An example for the research on supplier-manufacturer cooperation in EcoDesign is (Stevels, 2002). He also offered two examples of successful green supply programme between manufacturer and suppliers. In manufacturing process, the company can be relevant green by several methods to reduce the energy and resource expenditure. This is where recycle and recycling are referred. Several papers provided green practices such as (Duber-Smith, 2005). He suggested some practices including reducing energy use, recycle and reuse, using environmental and harmless materials, minimize harmful emission, and minimize or remove waste. In a Chinese sugar manufacturer, Guitang Group can reduce the wastes and improve their financial performance by using waste from the upstream as raw materials for downstream production (Zhu Cote, integrate Green Supply Chain into An developing Eco-Industril Development: A Case Study of the Guitang Group, 2004). Further than design and manufacturing, other department in an organization are concerned with the green. Purchasing could become an main agent for change regarding ecological initiatives in the supply chain (Preuss, 2001). In (Walton, 1998) article, he conducted a qualitative study to survey the main areas for change to increase purchasings impact on situation. As mentioned prior, not only manufacturer, other supply chain roles got impact from GSCM also. For a largest dealer in the U.S., Wal-Mart has an interesting story of adopting GSCM to their organization. In October 2005, Wal-Mart CEO committed the company to 3 goals: to be supplied 100% by renewable energy; to make zero waste; and to sell products that maintain Wal-Marts resources and the situation, and Wal-Mart was launching a business sustainability strategy to considerably reduce the companys impact on the global environment and become the most competitive and innovative company in the world (Plambeck, 2007). In this study, she provide 8 practices occupied with 14 network partner. Barriers of Applying GSCM In (Zhu Cote, Integrating Green Supply Chain into An Embryonic Eco-Industril Development: A Case Study of the Guitang Group, 2004), they studied the addition of green supply in sugar industry. They mention three barriers: maintaining close relations with their main suppliers, obtain a larger market share through opposition with other market share through opposition with other familial sugar refineries by improving product quality and reducing costs, and ensuring the sustainability of their operations including reducing the environmental impact. At the same times, there are some research studied barriers of applying GSCM from suppliers perception. An example of suppliers barrier is (Wycherley, 1999), he conducted a qualitative study on the suppliers barriers of GSCM performance for an environmental-friendly figure products like the Body Shop. Successful Stories Several studies were tentative study about a company succeed in apply GSCM, various in dissimilar industry such as electronics, automobile, furniture, and packaging. An example of Electronics Company is Advanced Micro plans. Advanced Micro Devices (AMD ) wanted to be renowned as a sustainable organization. They required to better mage the risk of a would-be supply chain and work jointly with suppliers to identify option materials and gear to reduce environmental impact. Moreover, they were drove by their customers, investor, and non-governmental organization groups superficially (Trowbridge, 2001). In packaging Industry, results from review showed that green supply chain practice were absolutely related to operational concert. Also, the green supply chain practices were moving the portion of resources amongst 3 types of environmental technologies: pollution anticipation, pollution manages, and management system (Vachon, 2003). Conclusion Studies stress the force on supply chain design to supply products that are environmentally friendly in their source, production, release, usage and disposal. Not just for advertising purposes or green washing. While companies sometimes limit innovation to remote flagship products, benefit their reputation by association, the real brave is to normal them across active product range. Greening the supply chain is an industry issue that will only gain substance over the years to come. Utilising network design, optimisation and planning systems, which include, for instance, carbon footprint consideration, but also source, procurement and end-of-life, will therefore be a vital collaborator in greening the supply chain and provide supply chain executive with a transparent view of the whole supply chain. Although sustainability programs may vary by industry, the essential needs for intelligibility, communication and association are alike.

Online Community Experience :: Personal Experience Blogs Message Boards Essays

Online Community Experience In order to gain a better perspective of online communities I had no other choice but to join one. I looked at several different sites such as MSN.com and YAHOO.com that had discussion boards available to join but I just couldn’t find one that fit my interests. I then logged onto MTV.com where I found a discussion board all about my favorite TV show: The Real World. The board was a community of people who shared a common interest in the show and could come together to discuss its characters and storyline. I am a faithful watcher of The Real World. The show is about seven very different people who are chosen to live together in a house for six months. Each season is set up in a different city. The cast members must get a job which is usually set up by the show and everything that they do is taped. The current season of The Real World is being aired in Las Vegas, Nevada. The cast has been given a job at a local night club where their main objective is to entertain the guests. The cast is taped while they are eating, sleeping, working, and playing. The tapes are then edited to a certain degree and aired every Tuesday night at ten o’clock p.m. It is a very controversial television show aired on MTV that brings up topics such as race, sex, and homosexuality. This discussion board is in outlet for those who feel the need to voice their opinion to others who watch the show. People are drawn to the message board through their common interest in The Real World. In order to post on the discussion board the user must create a username but it is not necessary if you would just like to read the postings. The creation of a username is a way for people to show their self-expression or give the other members an idea of who they are. While reading posts you are able to see who is online at that exact moment. Another feature of this discussion board is that when you post a thread or respond to a posting, you can choose an icon or animation that describes your mood at that time. The icon appears next to your name in the posting display. Online Community Experience :: Personal Experience Blogs Message Boards Essays Online Community Experience In order to gain a better perspective of online communities I had no other choice but to join one. I looked at several different sites such as MSN.com and YAHOO.com that had discussion boards available to join but I just couldn’t find one that fit my interests. I then logged onto MTV.com where I found a discussion board all about my favorite TV show: The Real World. The board was a community of people who shared a common interest in the show and could come together to discuss its characters and storyline. I am a faithful watcher of The Real World. The show is about seven very different people who are chosen to live together in a house for six months. Each season is set up in a different city. The cast members must get a job which is usually set up by the show and everything that they do is taped. The current season of The Real World is being aired in Las Vegas, Nevada. The cast has been given a job at a local night club where their main objective is to entertain the guests. The cast is taped while they are eating, sleeping, working, and playing. The tapes are then edited to a certain degree and aired every Tuesday night at ten o’clock p.m. It is a very controversial television show aired on MTV that brings up topics such as race, sex, and homosexuality. This discussion board is in outlet for those who feel the need to voice their opinion to others who watch the show. People are drawn to the message board through their common interest in The Real World. In order to post on the discussion board the user must create a username but it is not necessary if you would just like to read the postings. The creation of a username is a way for people to show their self-expression or give the other members an idea of who they are. While reading posts you are able to see who is online at that exact moment. Another feature of this discussion board is that when you post a thread or respond to a posting, you can choose an icon or animation that describes your mood at that time. The icon appears next to your name in the posting display.

Racism and Kathryn Hess English Essay

In the beginning of the movie Freedom Writers, the students initially only trust their peers from their racial groups. This is because they only trust the people in their gangs. Almost all the kids were in racially segregated gangs. At first, Ms. Gruwell has difficulty getting anything accomplished. Many of these students have never been shown any respect in the past. Eva and some of the other students tell Ms. Gruwell that they will not just hand her their respect, she must earn it. Ms. Gruwell begins to earn the respect of her students when she moves the students around, out of their racial divisions. She attempts to show the students that they are united by playing the â€Å"Line Game† with them. She puts a line of thick red tape across the classroom and tells the students to move forward when a statement she makes applies to them. Her most effective form of reaching out, however, comes in the form of a composition notebook. Trust is an important component of a teacher-student relationship because if a student doesn’t trust the teacher, nothing the teachers teaches is affective. Ms. Gruwell eventually managed to get her students to show tolerance for one another. She teaches them about the Holocaust and that despite the students’ ethnic backgrounds, they aren’t all that different from each other. For example, she takes them to the Museum of Tolerance. This shows that the students aren’t realistically the different despite the color of their skin or their ethnic background. This is important because Ms. Gruwell could not effectively teach the class until they could get along. As a result, the students begin to build up a tolerance for one another. Part of Ms. Gruwell’s outlook on racism was affected by her father. For example, growing up, her father was a civil rights worker. This shows that his work most likely influenced her views on racism as she grew up. This is important because it taught her not to discriminate against others. As a result, she is able to change the views of her students for the better. At one point, Ms. Gruwell confiscates a racial caricature that was circulating the class. For example, the drawing was of a black student drawn with thick, exaggerated lips. Ms. Gruwell then compared the sketch of the caricatures that the Nazis used to draw of the Jews during the Holocaust. This showed that none of the students even knew what the Holocaust was. This is important because it allowed Ms. Gruwell to teach her students how serious racism really was. As a result, the students became more tolerant. Ms. Gruwell knew that all the students were suffering from physical violence, emotional abuse, substance abuse, poverty, homelessness, gang violence, and deaths of family and friends. She felt sorry about them and wanted to help them sincerely. She did it, and as a result, the class was getting better and better, and the classes grades turned up quickly. Others teacher didn’t believe Ms. Gruwell despite she did a great job. They thought she was a new teacher and had no idea about teaching. But the main point was, they had serious racial prejudice in their minds, they disliked the students in Room 203. For example, one of the teachers refused to lend books to Ms. Gruwell. This shows the racial discrimination was really serious. Hence, Ms. Gruwell had to do everything by herself. Even when Ms. Gruwell’s husband left her, the students made her life better. Problems still came up, she was denied to teach Room 203 in junior and senior year. But after the tough fight with other teachers, she was allowed to stay with them till the end of high school time.

Two Party Systems

Two Party Systems Introduction The federal elections of Australia were held on Saturday 21st august 2010 for the 43rd parliament of Australia. Labor party and the coalition of liberals/national each won 72 seats, thus each falling below the 76 majority required for election victory.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Party Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This resulted in a hung parliament for the first time since the 1940’s election when these two parties started dominating Australia politics. Three independent M.P’s and national party of Western Australia M.P declared support for the labor party meaning labor party formed a minority government (Radio Australia 1). This essay looks at how the 2010 Australian federal elections have demonstrated that the two party systems are no longer relevant in the society. Definition A political party is an organization of people who share the same ideas of governance and who se members are committed to party goals. They also get candidates elected to office and have laws passed to aid in party management. There are three party systems which end up making one party state, two party states and multiparty states. Australia is a two party state system as two parties have been exchanging power since 1949. They are the liberal and labor parties though there are minority parties as well (George Standards Organization 1). Democracy is a political system operating under the principles of constitutionalism, representative government, majority rule, civilian rule and minority rights (Miami Dade College 1). Two party systems is an electoral arrangement in which two or more parties compete for the support of the electorate and control of the government. Each party has a chance of winning the election. Minority parties in a two party system do not have a chance of winning the election.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A two party contest is affected by realignments and to some extend the minority parties affect the two major parties by leading to a scenario as was witnessed in Australia (PSCI 1). Political institutions are concerned with the preservation of social order within a specified authority. Examples of political institutions include political parties, trade unions, lobby groups and special interest groups. These groups constitute and define the layers of the political process together with their interdependences (University of Munchen 1). History The two party systems started back in 1891 in Australia with the rise of the labor party as a political party in 1909 after the protectionist and free traders joined hands to form the party. In 1946, the modern liberal party was formed by Sir Robert Menzies. From then it has been about two political parties competing for public votes during elections over the years. The labor p arty is oldest party in Australia today and is a social democratic party that believes in government as a positive force in the community that is free to intervene in the operation of the economy to improve outcomes. The labor party also believes that all members of society should have access to quality and affordable housing as well as education and houses (Australia History 1). The liberal party believe advocates for sustainable equality, affirmative action, social and cultural rights, believes in government’s interference in individual’s lives to ensure justice is achieved. They favor interventionist, regulated market economic policies (Australia Politics 1). Irrelevance of two party systems to our society today The two parties have divided the Australian society into two fragments. The two parties have left the society with the choice of embracing either of the ideologies of the parties making it a bit unfair as there are no varieties of ideologies apart from the t wo ideologies from the labor and liberal parties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Party Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From 1949 to date, the two major political parties have being playing an endless game of tug-of-war. The major reason for the constant switching back and forth between these two parties appears to be that the country has different needs at different times and voters tend to alternate these two parties according to their needs (Social Welfare 1). The switching of needs is not considered a good idea as those ideas which will act as the opportunity cost will still be needed to be implemented in the society. It has been argued out that the ideologies presented by both parties are significant for the growth of the Australian society and thus the two party systems which dictates that one system has to be adopted does not actually enhance justice by the fact that it denies the society one of the choices that they need (Conservative 1). Liberals believe in sustainable equality, affirmative action, social and cultural rights; they also believe in government’s interference in individual’s lives to ensure justice is achieved. They favor interventionist and regulated market economic policies (Liberal Party of Australia 1). The labor party believes in formal equality and that everyone should be treated equally under the law and government. They also believe in laissez –faire market economic policies and individuals controlling their own lives (Martin 1). Concerning the politics in Australia, it has been argued that: There can be no argument about the ubiquity, pervasiveness and centrality of party in Australia. The forms, processes and content of politics– executive, parliament, pressure groups, bureaucracy, issues and policymaking – are imbued with the influence of party, party rhetoric, party policy, and party doctrine. Government is party government. Elections are essentially party contests and the mechanics of electoral systems are determined by party policies and party advantages. Legislatures are party chambers. Legislators are overwhelmingly party members. The majority of electors follow their party identification. Politics in Australia, almost entirely, are party politics. (Marsh 1)Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two party systems were based on electoral and organizational foundations. It is where activists and interest groups were brought together through party forums. Activists and special interest groups were allowed into party conferences and committees to influence formation of strategic political agenda. Actually the parties through the party brands gave enough cues for the formation of opinion by most electors on most issues. This led to strategic policy developments which were internalized within the two major parties. Today, these developments that greatly shaped the strong foundational features of the bi-party system dominance have been undermined and in some instances left out completely (Rush 1). The Australian society is growing in diversity shown by the proliferation of interest groups and social movements. These new groups of social movements show citizen identities’ in a new diversity not experienced before. These groups are not equal in terms of size, political sk ills, budgets, organizational sophistication and campaigning capacities. These groups are durable and they represent and sustain an interest for a long time seeking to persuade the undecided. These groups of organizations fill the void between the two political parties and the community. Most of these new groups advocate either for new issues or are defenders of traditional approaches like the anti-abortion and anti-euthanasia groups. Hence, party activists nowadays don’t have strong allegiance to one or other party and the way issues are introduced in the national stage has shifted. Today party forums are no longer the principal ground for activists. Party’s internal process no longer provides the means for acceptability of proposals or for seeding opinion formation (Marsh 1). The two party systems tend to distort national capabilities to mostly inform the public on long term issues. There are three different restraints that work towards derailing an informed discussi on on long term issues. They arise from the dynamics of the electoral contest between the two parties, second is the way the formal system distributes responsibilities of dealing with long term issues and lastly information available to guide public opinion about policy needs and priorities (Marsh 1). The two party systems has brought in one major deficiency in the form of fake enmity where the government declares a contentious issue to be white and public opinion is mostly divided or uncertain; the likely outcome is that the opposition will declare it to be black. As in early times, if the opposition was the government today, they would have supported a similar approach (March 1). What happens is that when public opinion is divided, the opposition tends to see this as a chance to gain from the public by going the popular way by championing contrasting views even if what they are championing for is not all that good for the public; all they care for is political impact (Australia Po litics 1). Today there is an â€Å"overlap in and convergence between the agendas of political parties and the initiative in promoting agendas is shared with other organizations. Issues only come to the arena after the government has decided what to do which encourages posturing and attention to electoral advantage† (Australia Politics 1). This leads to the two major political parties creating differences even when they do not exist hence these two major parties make issues that they know will shift debate away from matters that lack national importance (Australia Politics 1). The two party competition systems has also led to the inability to have public conversation and debates about long term issues mostly caused by organizational features of the formal making structure (Theodore and Romance 20). This is caused by an executive overload where a small number of people determine what issues will have standing on the formal political agenda. The leaders involved in setting the agenda include the prime minister, senior ministers and heads of major coordinating departments. Their work involves day to day running of the country and ministerial work plus running the departments and yet they control the recognition and management of strategic issues which later translates to a weak capacity of the system to process issues mostly in a strategic phase (March 1). The second deficiency of the two party systems lies in lack of access for interests groups and social movements to engage the attention of the formal system. These groups do have access and means to bring out and argue their issues but they face two problems (Disch 23). The first problem arises when they are arguing their case one-on-one basis and second is when such access is highly imbalanced. A good illustration is where regular access is given to the chief executive officers of Australian banks having access to the federal treasurer; this access is not granted to consumer organizations or the unions. The other problem arises where groups advocating a particular course of action have no venue where their views can be tested against those of others. This leads to sustained lobbying campaigns to develop public pressure as their views are not heard by the major parties (Marsh 1). When there is a disconnect between the two political parties, a challenge arises in the form of focusing on specific party disagreements which leads to lack of focus on important national issues and long term issues: â€Å"the corrupt farce that is our two-party system should be dismantled; parties give us temptations to attack opponents, become demagogues, and garner followers, distracting us from seeking the true good of the country† (Conservative 1). The two-party setup in Australia has divided the nation among two lines. Having names and labels for different political persuasions can be helpful, but they have too often led to pigeonholing and name-calling which hampers a free exchange of ideas. â€Å"Liberal and labor, conservative and liberal, right and left† (Conservative 1) have degenerated into terms used to ostracize and vilify the opposition and to stifle discussion of topics deemed politically incorrect. Conclusion The two parties system is comprised and does not offer the best choice for the public. It has been seen that this system offers a nation two choices to choose from. In such kind of a situation, the public has to forgo one of the options which might not necessarily be wrong. There is a need for the system to be changed as the two parties system does not seem to fully address the issues affecting a nation. The issue of the party having equally votes after elections have been carried out also matters and such a tie is not likely to happen in case of a single party system or a multi-party system. Australian History. Australian History: Political History. Australian History, n.d. Web. Australian Politics. Federal Elctions. Australia Politics, 2011. Web . https://australianpolitics.com/ Conservative. Conservative Intellectual, 2011. Political Cortex, 2007. Web. Disch, Lisa. The tyranny of the two-party system. New York: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print. Georgia Standards Organisation. Politics. Georgia standards, n.d. https://www.georgiastandards.org/Pages/default.aspx Liberal party of Australia. Politics. Party Politics. Liberal party of Australia, n.d. Web. https://www.liberal.org.au/ Marsh, Ian. what-next-for-the-two-party-system. CPD Organization, 2010. Web. https://cpd.org.au/2010/08/what-next-for-the-two-party-system/ Martin, Nick. Australia Politics. ALP, 2011. Web. https://www.alp.org.au/ Miami Dade College. Political Economic System. Miami Dade College, 2005. Web. PSCI. Two Party Sytem. PSCI, 2011. Web. http://politicalscience.unt.edu/ Radio Australia. Australia Politics. Radio Australia, 2011. Web. https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/ Rush, Ian. Politics. Australia Politics, 2011. Web. Social Welfare. The Two Party System. S ocial Welfare, 2011. Web. intellectualconservative.com/ Theodore, Lowi and Romance, Joseph. A republic of parties: debating the two-party system. New York: Cengage Learning, 1998. Print. University of Munchen. Politics. University of Munchen, 2005. May 25, 2011. https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3165/1/Boerner_Kira_Astrid.pdf

The Beginning of Art essays

The Beginning of Art essays The unbroken line of art reaches all the way back to the ancient caveman scribing on a wall. That didn't start with just one prehistoric caveman; there must have been many around the world who evolved to the point of desire for bringing order out of chaos; in an effort to communicate their ideas to others. Examples of this type of primative art are found all over the world. Which is evidence there was a common thread of human need for this type of expression. It had to evolve out of a basic human psychic need that necessitated a desire toward noting ones surroundings; an effort to control their world. This is all extremely important to us because this was how Cro-Magnon Man first distinguished himself from Neanderthal Man. I should mention here that Neanderthal Man didn't have the physical capability to talk, he must have grunted. He lacked the physical vocal cord development that Cro-Magnon Man had. We are believed to be descended from Cro-Magnon Man. So what we are actually l ooking at with cave painting is the early development of thought, communication, the development of speech and the early data-base. Through this art we are given an insight into the evolution of the brain of man. Just think, if man never had the ability to speak, like the Neanderthal's who became extinct, there would be no way for the brain to develop - to form symbols - and eventually speak. Which of course leads to developing a data-base of knowledge that can be passed from one generation to another. That's why the early cave art is so important to us. In academic art history we tend to overlook the first scratches of primitive man; leaving their endeavor to be recorded and catalogued by the archeologist, anthropologist, paleontologist and so on. Indeed it is a vital part of our evolution and also our art history. In 1995 conducted dating adds an unexpected dimension to the find. In fact, three samples taken from two charcoal ...

Ten Key Qualities of Law Enforcement Leaders Essay

Ten Key Qualities of Law Enforcement Leaders - Essay Example Most people who call themselves leaders act as bosses rather than being leaders. A boss will give orders while a true leader gives instructions to a task and shows the way to do it. Effective leadership ought to be coupled with good planning and participation. A good leader should not only direct the task but should go further to participating in the activity. Leaders should understand that leadership is not all about instilling fear to the subjects but rather good leadership should instill enthusiasm. Indeed, effective Leadership must produce motivation to the subjects. Gonzalez indicates that leaders are gifted to make enthusiasm and real pride in accomplishing a purpose. In adding up to inspiration, some make regular references to the care and wellbeing of subordinates. Actually, excellent leaders watch over their workers. Effective leaders learn to set an example; they own an indisputable sympathy for others; are not afraid to admit accountability; and mind about the people they lead. True leaders readily take responsibility for all their actions and never fear owning up their deeds. Responsibility also means taking risks of everything that they do. Fundamentally, effective leaders are quick to accept the mistakes that they make in their course of actions. Leaders should embrace the idea of accountability and accept penalties whenever they fail and are held answerable. Additionally, a sense of certainty pervades the thoughts of effective leaders. This enables them to get things through and to shun from fear of making mistakes. One fact that effe ctive leaders accept is that mistakes are a component of the job they do. In effect, leaders usually prevail against the odds, regardless of having numerous impediments (Gonzalez 2). Good leaders have a high self worth and self esteem. These help them to motivate the people they lead because they (subjects) always look upon their leader.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 304

Assignment Example According to (Frank, 4) the west tries to depict they are much superior to the Middle East in culture since they view †Holy war† as act of terrorism which is associated with Islamic religion. The USA use Google earth to monitor the borders of Canada and Mexico. The border between USA and Mexico differs from that of Canada and USA in the context that. The border of Mexico is vast and sparsely populated while that of Canada and USA is less as compared to that of Mexico and population density is not sparse. Similarity is that both borders are being guarded by security agents. This difference and similarity in the borders is as result productivity of the land and between borders of illegal immigrants respectively After a year marked by riots over cartoon portrayals of Muhammad, a major terrorist attack in London, and continuing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, most Muslims and Westerners are convinced that relations between them are generally bad these days. Many in the West see Muslims as fanatical, violent, and as lacking tolerance. Meanwhile, Muslims in the Middle East and Asia generally see Westerners as selfish, immoral and greedy – as well as violent and fanatical. A rare point of agreement between Westerners and Muslims is that both believe that Muslim nations should be more economically prosperous than they are today. But they gauge the problem quite differently. Muslim publics have an aggrieved view of the West – they are much more likely than Americans or Western Europeans to blame Western policies for their own lack of prosperity. Nothing highlights the divide between Muslims and the West more clearly than their responses to the uproar this past winter over cartoon depictions of Muhammad. Most people in Jordan, Egypt, Indonesia and Turkey blame the controversy on Western nations’ disrespect for the Islamic religion. In contrast, majorities of Americans and Western Europeans who have heard of

Kingdom of Heaven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kingdom of Heaven - Essay Example Several skirmish between Muslim and Christian forces occur, like when Guy and Raynald kill everyone on a Muslim caravan. Saladin, the Muslim leader, retaliates. Balian is captured, then freed by the servant he had turned loose. The Muslims and Christians reach a tentative truce. The Christians murder Saladins sister, causing Saladin to siege Jerusalem. Balian leads the defense, but has to surrender. Saladin allows them free passage back to their countries. When King Richard I ask Balian to crusade with him, Balian refuses. At the end, subtitles explain King Richard I failed, and fighting for Jerusalem continued over the centuries, even today. The film states â€Å"Peace in the Kingdom of Heaven remains elusive" (Kingdom of Heaven). There was not too much spiritual content in this movie. Balian wanted to go the crusade to gain redemption for him and his wife. This is a Christian trait. Repentance, penance, and forgiveness is a Christian concept. So his motives for going on the crusades were religious. Most of the Christians in the movie have no religion, or were hostile to religion. Good and bad Christians were portrayed in this movie. Good Christians like Balian left the Muslims in peace, but bad Christians wanted to kill all Muslims. A Christian crusader is someone who was planning to go there and come back. Crusaders were alright with individual Muslims, but a Muslim state would have been unacceptable. They would have wanted to conquer the Holy Land for Christians. There were no churches in this movie, save for in the knighting scene. That was odd, because in the Middle Ages religion and churches were very important to Muslims, Jews, and Christians. There was crosses, but no crucifixes. The closest religious symbols were during the knighting ceremony where Balians father gives his oath, and Balian is knighted. During his knighting ceremony Balians father gives him his oath. Behind him there is an

Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factorys sweet success Essay Example for Free

Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factorys sweet success Essay The major competing sweet producers Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory and Hershey’s company have different business strategies, which give them distinct status in the market of the USA. RMCF is concerned in its perspectives and long-term goals to make the company more profitable and successful in the sphere of chocolate business. Hershey’s company deals with the short-term objectives and tries to obtain profit in an abridged period of time. The business strategy of profit-making Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory has the competitive advantage over prosperous Hershey’s company in corporate governance, organizational structure and confection distribution in the USA. The first difference between the companies is that the corporate governance of RMCF is structured more efficiently than Hershey’s. Corporate governance of RMCF consists of directors who have equal rights. RMCF administers its main rules with three to nine directors (Wheelen and Hunger, 2012, p263). Despite the main principals, the specific board of directors operates as a head of the whole organization and it is able to elect directors itself. This condition is likely to motivate the directors, so they try to accomplish their part of business as accurate as possible. Shareholders have a right to vote in yearly meetings and they can have an influence on the election of the potential directors by giving the additional number of votes (Wheelen and Hunger, 2012, p264). In consequence, the shareholders who have invested money into the company can be confident in the liability of the people to whom they give the opportunity to control the business. Unlike RMCF the Hershey’s c ompany has different types of directors who have their special responsibilities in conducting the business. The governance of the company consists of three types of directors, namely independent, informed and engaged, also a board of directors, which perform various functions in management. Such a bureaucratic structure makes the decision-making process more complicated and creates difficulties with the overall performance of the company. Board members of the company can easily intervene into the tasks of the workers and they can hire new employees without any restrictions (The Hershey Company, 2013). This action may disrupt employees from work and directors can have another option that will not be considered due to their limited liability. Corporate governance of Hershey’s company does not include the participation of shareholders in arranging managers for the firm, so the shareholders are not aware of the financial environment of the company. Thus, the exact number of directors and the role of the Board of directors make the RMCF’s governance organized in a beneficial form, whereas Hershey’s faces several difficulties with it. The second privilege of RMCF is an adept and profit-seeking organizational structure. RMCF has its own shops and franchises which are situated in the regional malls, tourist-oriented retail areas, ski resort, specialty retail centers, airports, neighborhood centers, and factory outlet malls (Harrison, 2003, p240). This location of the chocolate shops creates positive selling opportunities by attracting customers and promoting the product as well. According to the Success Magazine, in 1995-96 the Rocky Mountain was in the seventh position of the 100 top franchisers (cited in Harrison, 2013, p420). Spreading its name recognition through company-owned stores and franchisers, RMCF had gained such a high result in determining its market force and competitive advantage over a majority of companies working in the same field. Crail (1996) states ‘We find the location, negotiate the lease, design the store, coordinate the build-out, bring the franchise here for training, send a distinct manager to the store opening, and have ongoing field support and regional and national convention’ (cited in Harrison, 2003, p420). Taking into consideration all the aspects of organizing the structure of the whole business helps RMCF achieve success without any inadvertences. For example, the total revenue of the company in 1995 was 13,616, 134 USD and up to 1998, it had a tremendous increase showing 23,763,82 USD (Harrison, 2003, pp.423-424). In contrast to RMCF’s organizational structure, Hershey’s company decided to form special commercial groups in order to obtain the significant part of the market share (New Organizational Structure to Leverage U.S. Scale and Accelerate Global Growth, 2005). They were aimed to spread the producing companies all around the world. Hershey’s has its selling premises in 50 countries of the world (Keidel et al., 2010). The company was not concerned in the thorough organization of its structure; that is why it had to fund its company in other countries too. To summarize, RMCF establishes its franchises around the USA and increases the sales by allocating stores in the places with target audience while Hershey’s fail in organizing the right structure, consequently the company has to move into the market of foreign countries. The third quality that makes the business strategy of RMCF more valuable rather than Hershey’s is product distribution. RMCF delivers its products through shipments to distribution outlets from the premise of manufacturing Durango, Colorado. Franchisees are not provided with the immense space to hold the goods, so they ask the company to give them the quantities that they are able to sell during 14 to 28 days (Wheelen and Hunger, 2012, p.26-10). By following this strategy, RMCF chocolate can be a reliable product in terms of freshness. ‘RMCF believed that it should control the manufacturing of its own products in order to better maintain its high product quality standards, offer unique proprietary products, manage costs, control production and shipment schedules, and pursue new or underutilized distribution channels’ (Wheelen and Hunger, 2012, p.26-10). At the same time, the Hershey’s company distributes its products through â€Å"grocery stores, mass merchandisers and drug stores and functions as a single entity†. More than the half of total sales is received from â€Å"merchandisers† and â€Å"supermarkets† (Keidel, et al., 2010). In case the Hershey’s has a delayed delivery; it needs to pay fine for the customers who will not promote Hershey’s products, so losses in sales and credibility will probably occur (Zsidisin, 2006). Hershey’s company faces losses of capital in the period of distribution process; the borders of the time that the delivery of the products should last are not clearly stated. That can be harmful for the customers as the chocolate products are likely to spoil through time. Taking all the aspects into consideration, RMCF is dominating in distribution by saving the quality of chocolates, whereas Hershey’s company is not able to protect freshness without dec reasing the budget of the Company in its business strategy. To conclude, Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory has more productive venture planning than Hershey’s company in controlling authority, confirmation scheme and product distribution. Controlling authorities in the RMCF have equal opportunities and reliabilities in business, while Hershey’s company is regulated mostly by a board of directors who can set the rules and hire the new employees without discussing with other directors. Conformation scheme of the companies differs from each other by allocating the stores and establishing the outlets. RMCF spreads its products to the places where many people can purchase them; in contrast, Hershey’s company delivers its products to particular stores. As RMCF is worried about its future goals, it achieves lucrative results, so Hershey’s company should also concentrate on its remote future aims.

Cadbury Business Analysis

Cadbury Business Analysis Cadbury, a brand well known and loved by millions around the world, had a very humble beginning. It began with the opening of a grocers shop in Ball Street, Birmingham in the year 1824 by John Cadbury. This grew to become the most recognisable brands in the world. In most parts of the world just the word Cadbury symbolises chocolate. John who as a young Quaker was against alcohol sold tea, coffee, cocoa and drinking chocolate at his shop at the beginning, later he started producing cocoa and chocolate. After few years his brother Benjamin joined and later they got a Warrant as manufacturers of chocolate and cocoa to Queen Victoria. Later when John Cadbury retired his sons Richard and George took over the company. They thought the company could not survive in the dirty conditions of the city and were egger to move it out of Birmingham, they setup a factory 4 miles from the city and had a concept in mind which was factory in garden, to provide hygienic working environment for their emp loyees, the factory had opened in the year 1879. The Cadbury brothers had named it Bournville. There was a rapid increase in the work force of the company by late 1880s and the factory was expanded. The first ever Cadbury chocolate bar was launched in the year 1897 and their famous brand Cadburys Dairy milk began in the year 1905. By the end of the 1930s Cadbury had become the 24th largest manufacturing firm in the Britain. The Cadbury brothers believed that all human beings should live in peace and should be treated properly, which lead to the building of houses, schools and many other things for the community for which the Bournville Village Trust was set up George Cadbury. Then in the year 1969 the Cadbury brand merged with Schweppes to form Cadbury Schweppes, after this merger there was no owner from the Cadbury family till date. In the year 2008 Cadbury and Schweppes were demerged separating its confectionary and drinks business. Recently on February 2, 2010, Cadbury became part of Kraft Foods, the American giant in confectionery, food, and beverage. Source: (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8467489.stm, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8411696.stm). 2. Micro Environment:  SWOT Analysis 2.1 SWOT: A SWOT analysis allows managers to focus clearly on the meaningful strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) in the firms internal environment and opportunities (O) and threats coming from outside the firm, the external environment. A SWOT analysis enables a firm to develop strategies that make use of what the firm does best in seizing opportunities for growth while at the same time avoiding external threats that might hurt the firms sales and profits. So below I have done I SWOT analysis of Cadbury (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, Barnes, Mitchell Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 66). Strengths Cadbury is worlds top most chocolate provider which has international reputation. Cadbury is well know and easily identifiable brand among. Cadbury is well known force in marketing and distribution strategies that is one of the reasons for it being the world leaders of chocolate industry. Users are assured about the qualities of the brand. The strength of Cadbury lies in Dairy milk. Which is the most sold chocolate in Indi Cadbury has adjusted itself to all the custom around the world according to the market. Cadbury is a leader in innovation and has established brand name, and has strong competence in manufacturing. Cadbury has a advantage as it has understanding of consumer in the segment of chocolate, candy and chewing gum. With 9.9% of global market share Cadbury is the largest confectionery in the world. Weaknesses The competitors of Cadbury e.g. Nestle  have a very diverse product portfolio, where as it only depend on the confectionery and beverage market, where as its competitors can use profits from other areas of the business. Cadbury doesnt have great international experience like its other competitors; it has traditionally been strong in United Kingdom Europe only. New to America, it possibly lacks the understanding of the new emerging markets compared to competitors. Threats Worldwide there has been an increase in demand for cost environment, particularly for energy, packaging, sugar and transport. Global supply chain in low cost locations. There is competitive pressure from other brands in the market, nationally and globally. Over aggressive promotion and price activity by its competitors there is a possible price war in all developed markets. Social concerns, rise in obesity and consumers obsession with calorie count. Nutritional and healthier lifestyles is very much affecting demand for core products of Cadbury. Opportunities The opportunities lie in new markets, i.e. developing countries and emerging markets like China, Russia, India and other Asian countries where populations are growing, the wealth of consumer is increasing and there is a high demand for confectionery products. The market of confectionery highly characterized by a degree of acquisition and merger activity in recent past. There are opportunities to increase the share through specific acquisitions. The main key for survival in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) market is increasing efficiency and cost reduction. Cadburys Fuel in Growth  and cost efficiency of programmes seeks to bring huge cost savings by, Moving production to countries with low costs, where the raw materials required and labour cost is cheaper, reduce internal costs and use supply chain efficiently, global out sourcing and procurement, and wise investment in Research Development. Innovation is the most important and key driver in any kind of market. To respond to variety in consumer preferences and tastes like healthier snacks with low calories needs to be developed. There should be more of sugar-free products in the Cadburys premium indulgence treats like its center filled chewing gum varieties. There is a high demand for low-fat, natural and organic confectionery. 2.2 Porters Five Forces Analysis Supplier Power   The Cadbury Company has got many contracted suppliers that are able to support their on-going production operations. There is an existing competition in the market, for the raw materials such as nuts or special ingredients but still it is sufficient enough to satisfy their production requirements. Cadbury has maintained a very good relationship with their supplier which is considered as a very good an advantage. Barriers to Entry   Cadbury is already very popularly and widely known, it can easily earn the trust of the countries. The only and the main hindrance that might affect the production of the Cadbury is to find a good positioning and gather the necessary requirements for the smooth entry and running of the factory and the foreign policy and laws that might affect the operation. Power of Buyer   The demands for chocolates have gone down because of the existence of health conscious. The price of the product is no longer subjected on the demand of the people but is now subjected to the increasing number of competitors in the market that offers the similar type of products at a much lower cost might be the cause of the customer loyalty alteration. Rivalries   There are many competitors in the business who are planning to take over the supremacy of the company that has been kept for years. The difference in the choice of the customers depends on their taste and preferences. And in the recent past, companies like Nestle in this market are continuously developing their new products or innovating new ideas making it harder to compete. Threats for Substitutes   There is not much of a threat which comes from other competitors, because of the well established brand name in the market created by the company. Through their huge level of equity, the brand name of Cadbury is transformed into three different classes that makes more effectiveness in the market. 3 .Macro Environment: PEST Analysis Political: The Company has a strong advantage as it is very senior in confectionery business. With this advantage the company to manage to adjust in every country around the globe. Another advantage is the seniority of the management which enables the new foreign country to also welcome the companys existence in their market because of its good competence in the market. Economic: Without any doubt Cadbury is making a huge contribution in United Kingdom as well as in the economies of the other foreign countries where it operates. The number of sweet lovers around the world is very high which ranges from all sections of the society, the company has label to its name as the best choice available in the market for sweet loving consumers around the world. The economic downturn is another contradicting factor that is affecting all confectionery companies. Social: People have sweets after every meal so the impact of this business on the society is really great. Therefore, many of the individuals can enjoy the happiness it brings inside the house. And in some other cases many people turn down the idea of eating chocolates because of many health related problems like obesity, stomach infections and dental problems i.e. cavity and gum weaknesses. When it comes to valuing of the people, Cadbury highly recognizes the rights of the workforce and has been valuing the ideas they might like to contribute for their progress. Providing hygienic and excellent work conditions for its work force has been one the top most aims of the company from the beginning of the company, it can be clearly seen in the factory in garden concept of their Birmingham plant which opened in the late 19th century. Technology   Cadbury has always been a company who recognises the traditional crafting of chocolates, but also knows the importance of technology in the line of production and in the industry. From the production line, Cadbury has incorporated into various types of machinery that make their production to be a very cost-efficient procedure. 4. Cadburys Marketing Mix Product: A product is a good, service, an idea or a place- whatever is offered for sale in exchange. The product aspect of marketing also includes the packaging, physical features, design and any other associated services. So we know that a product is a many different elements put together for the success of the product (Solomon, et al Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 37). In case of Cadbury there are a range of products from chocolate bars, cakes and biscuits, drinks, ice-cream and boxes, bags and tins of chocolates. To be more specific in the chocolate bars they provide from their classics like Dairy Milk, Bournville to the new products like Crunchie, Twirl, Wispa, Twisted, Flake, Boost, Chomp, Double Decker and one of its latest products launched in the year 2010 called the Silk. There product is mainly targeted towards the young population of the market. Source: (http://cadbury.co.uk/ourproducts/today/Pages/jsversion.aspx) Price: Price is amount the consumer must give to receive an offering. Price is used as a way to increase consumers interest in a particular product, for example to put an item on sale (Solomon, et al Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 37). Cadbury offers a range of chocolate bars and other products from the price range on 55p to  £3. During Christmas it has special range of gift pack items which are available in packs of  £18,  £21.50,  £35 and  £50. Whereas the competitors in market have lower rates but Cadburys customers are assured of its quality. Source: (http://www.sainsburys.co.uk/sol/index.jsp, http://cadbury.co.uk/home/Pages/home.aspx) Promotion: Promotional activities include what the marketers have undertaken to inform consumers of their product and to get new customers to buy these projects. There are many promotional activities which are run by Cadbury like the 2 for 1 offer and during the holidays they special gift packages which can be used for Christmas and New Year. Its been in promotion from the early 1900s when it used to use posters by famous artist. Cadbury Dairy Milk poster campaigns used the iconic glass and half image to stress its high milk content. And in 50s it showed the Bournville Story in cinema halls. And during the TV age there was huge adverts with comic characters Mel Smith and Peter Cook. The Cadbury Gorilla ad premiered, immediately becoming one of the most popular and critically acclaimed TV ads of recent years.Source: (http://cadbury.co.uk/cadburyandchocolate/ourstory/advertising/Pages/advertising.aspx) Place: There is no use having a great product if the target customer cannot easily access it. This is where the place part of the marketing mix is important. Cadbury needs to find the most cost-effective  channel of distribution  to get their main products to their target customers. The nature of the product and its target audience will influence the places at which a company wishes to sell its products. As Cadburys product is low-priced, i.e. a chocolate bar and other chocolates, it uses intensive distribution by getting their product into as many retail shops and outlets as possible Source: (http://www.skillsspace.co.uk/business_studies/14to16/marketing/place.asp). 5. The Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Strategy Cadbury: a. Segmentation: Cadburys market place is comprised of many different segments of consumers, each with different wants and needs. It can be categorised into four segments i.e. Break Segment: The products which are consumed as snatched break and normally consumed with tea or coffee, for instance Cadburys Time out and snack range. Impulse Segment: Most of these products are just purchased on impulse, for consuming at the time on purchase only; they include Twirl, Star Bar, Crunchie and Dairy Milk. Take Home Segment: These are the products which are purchased in a purchased in a super market and stored at home for later consumption, like Cocoa powder and hot chocolate. Gift Segment: Specially packed boxes of a variety of Cadbury chocolates, for the purpose of giving as a gift on occasion like Birthday, New Year or Christmas. b. Targeting: Targeting is a step in which marketers evaluate the attractiveness of each potential segment and decide which of these groups they will invest resources against to try to turn them into customers (Solomon, et al Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 222). .Cadbury has many targeted markets around the world. The female population makes up more than Indian population in any country. This is a large customer base for the products. The main aim for targeting the female population is that it will be in a position to influence the rest of the population to purchase the product. The female population is the largest consumer of chocolate product not only in the United Kingdom market but in other markets as well. The other targeted market is that of the kids segment which also comprises of most of the sales of chocolate in any part of the world. c. Positioning: Positioning means developing marketing strategy aimed at influencing how a particular market segment perceives a good in comparison to the competition (Solomon, et al Marketing Real people, Real decisions, First European Edition Page 227). 6. Recommendations: Cadbury should increase Marketing and  promotion  globally by marketing new and different products in emerging markets. It should focus on non-chocolate development and acquisitions by developing a new line of non-chocolate candies. Development of novelty and specialty markets like Gourmet Line on Internet, by developing gourmet line that is to be distributed via internet. Aggressive new product should be development like low calories, sugar free chocolates. This has to be done by researching and developing new products with joint venture. It should concentrate more on the American markets as it has high revenue in this particular industry and Cadbury doesnt have any strong roots, it is mostly dominated by Hersheys. It should also develop new products for the kids segment, which now days is a very huge market.